This work is licensed under a Table 5.
Characteristics of semen-, testicular size-, and reproductive hormone for 173 young Danish men stratified by tertiles of maternal pregnancy week 30 serum p,p′-DDE concentrations.
| Median (p25–p75) | Adjusted a percentage difference from low p,p′-DDE group (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | n | Low p,p′-DDE (n=58) | Medium p,p′-DDE (n=58) | High p,p′-DDE (n=57) | β-coeff (95% CI) b | Trend P value b | Medium p,p′-DDE | High p,p′-DDE | Adjusted β-coeff (95% CI) | Adjusted trend P value a b |
| Sperm concentration (106/ml) | 173 | 40 (16–62) | 33 (18–63) | 40 (16–93) | 0.83 (−0.17; 1.83) | 0.10 | −5 (−51; 40) | 14 (−32; 61) | 0.01 (−0.006; 0.03) | 0.15 |
| Total sperm count (106) | 129 | 122 (60–222) | 113 (43–199) | 117 (49–267) | 0.80 (−1.73; 3.34) | 0.53 | −14 (−68; 40) | 9 (−48; 66) | 0.01 (−0.01; 0.03) | 0.38 |
| Semen volume (ml) | 129 | 3.2 (2.4–4.3) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) | 3.0 (2.0–4.1) | −0.01 (−0.03; 0.01) | 0.41 | −13 (−33; 8) | −8 (−30; 14) | −0.002 (−0.01; 0.007) | 0.71 |
| Percentage progressive spermatozoa | 173 | 70 (59–74) | 63 (49–70) | 65 (53–70) | −0.04 (−0.24; 0.15) | 0.66 | −7 (−17; 3) | −5 (−15; 5) | 0.0005 (−0.004; 0.005) | 0.81 |
| Percentage motile spermatozoa | 173 | 76 (71–81) | 72 (66–77) | 72 (63–76) | −0.13 (−0.29; 0.03) | 0.11 | −5 (−11; 1) | −7 (−13; −1) | −0.001 (−0.004; 0.001) | 0.34 |
| Percentage morphologically normal spermatozoa | 173 | 8 (4–14) | 7 (4–13) | 10 (6–12) | 0.02 (−0.09; 0.12) | 0.74 | −6 (−59; 46) | 11 (−45; 68) | −0.002 (−0.03; 0.03) | 0.90 |
| Mean testicular volume (ml) | 173 | 15 (11–20) | 15 (12–20) | 15 (13–20) | 0.03 (−0.04; 0.11) | 0.41 | 5 (−9; 19) | 8 (−6; 22) | 0.002 (−0.004; 0.008) | 0.50 |
| Testosterone (nmol/l) | 173 | 21 (18–24) | 21 (17–24) | 21 (19–27) | 0.07 (−0.02; 0.16) | 0.13 | −2 (−12; 9) | 7 (−3; 18) | 0.003 (−0.001; 0.008) | 0.13 |
| Free testosterone | 173 | 0.51 (0.44–0.60) | 0.54 (0.42–0.61) | 0.52 (0.44–0.61) | 0.001 (−0.0007; 0.003) | 0.24 | 2 (−9; 13) | 3 (−8; 14) | 0.003 (−0.002; 0.007) | 0.29 |
| Estradiol (nmol/l) | 173 | 0.10 (0.08–0.11) | 0.09 (0.08–0.12) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.00009 (−0.0003; 0.0005) | 0.67 | −4 (−16; 8) | −1 (−14; 11) | 0.0009 (−0.004; 0.006) | 0.73 |
| LH (IU/l) | 173 | 4.3 (3.5–5.4) | 4.4 (3.7–5.5) | 4.4 (3.1–5.8) | 0.02 (−0.008; 0.05) | 0.17 | −5 (−20; 11) | −5 (−20; 11) | 0.002 (−0.005; 0.009) | 0.57 |
| FSH (IU/l) | 173 | 2.9 (2.2–4.1) | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) | 3.1 (2.1–4.5) | 0.0001 (−0.03; 0.03) | 1.00 | −1 (−21; 19) | −3 (−24; 17) | −0.0002 (−0.009; 0.009) | 0.97 |
| Inhibin B (pg/ml) | 173 | 226 (158–271) | 209 (168–255) | 231 (180–288) | −0.07 (1.26; 1.12) | 0.91 | −5 (−20; 11) | 8 (−8; 24) | 0.001 (−0.006; 0.008) | 0.75 |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 173 | 25 (20–34) | 24 (20–30) | 30 (24–37) | 0.09 (−0.09; 0.26) | 0.33 | −8 (−21; 5) | 12 (−2; 25) | 0.003 (−0.003; 0.009) | 0.37 |
Note: p, percentile.
Adjustment: all multivariable regression results were adjusted for the history of reproductive tract disease, the son's BMI; son's smoking status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic status. Sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive spermatozoa, motile spermatozoa, semen volume, and testicular volume were adjusted for abstinence time; sperm concentration was also adjusted for spillage during semen sample collection; progressive spermatozoa and motile spermatazoa were also adjusted for time from ejaculation to semen analysis; reproductive hormones were also adjusted for time of day of blood sampling.
Trends p,p′-DDE concentrations (continuous data) were tested by robust linear regression analysis (untransformed crude data) and multiple regression analysis (adjusted data).