Table 1. Some genes, mutations, and haplotypes associated with resistance to amodiaquine and solphadoxine/pyrimethamine treatment.
| Gene | Abbreviation | Codon | Mutation | Short form of mutation | Resistance haplotype | Phenotype |
| Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase | dhfr | 51 | Ieucine to Isoleucine | L51I | IRN | Decreased susceptibility to pyrimethamine |
| 59 | Cysteine to arginine | C59R | ||||
| 108 | Serine to asparagine | S108N | ||||
| Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate sythase | dhps | 437 | Alanine to glycine | A437G | Decreased susceptibility to sulphadoxine | |
| 540 | Lysine to glutamic acid | |||||
| dhfr+dhps | All above | All above | IRNG* | Sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance conferring | ||
| Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter | pfcrt | 76 | Lysine to threonine | K76T | ||
| Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter | Pfmdr 1 | 86 | Asparagine to tyrosine | N86Y | ||
| 184 | Tyrosine to glutamic acid | Y184E | ||||
| 1246 | Aspartic acid to tyrosine | D1246Y | ||||
| Pfcrt+pfmdr1 | 76+1246 | K76T+N86Y | TY* | Amodiaquine resistance conferring |
Note: *Haplotypes considered in the present analysis.
The TY resistance conferring haplotype was considered for association with amodiaquine resistance, while IRNG resistance conferring haplotype was considered for association with sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance.