Table 3.
Comparison of metabolic changes throughout the hippocampus in explosive blast mTBI with and without comorbidities and controls
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC locus | NAA/Cr (Left) | NAA/Cr (Right) | |||||||||||
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 5), noncomorbid | Avg | 1.58 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.31 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.51 | 1.29 | 1.26 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.98 |
| SD | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.26 | |
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 20), comorbid | Avg | 1.49 | 1.32 | 1.3 | 1.26 | 1.16 | 1.21 | 1.45 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 1.07 |
| SD | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | |
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 25), combined | Avg | 1.5 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.27 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.46 | 1.3 | 1.29 | 1.2 | 1.06 | 1.05 |
| SD | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.18 | |
| Controls | Avg | 1.47 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.46 | 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.31 | 1.17 | 1.29 |
| SD | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.22 | |
| NAA/Ch (Left) | NAA/Ch (Right) | ||||||||||||
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 5), noncomorbid | Avg | 1.75 | 1.32 | 1.17 | 1.12 | 0.91 | 0.71 | 1.6 | 1.29 | 1.2 | 1.02 | 0.9 | 0.68 |
| SD | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 0.27 | |
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 20), comorbid | Avg | 1.67 | 1.36 | 1.26 | 1.12 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 1.7 | 1.39 | 1.28 | 1.13 | 0.92 | 0.84 |
| SD | 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.16 | |
| Explosive blast mTBI (n = 25), combined | Avg | 1.69 | 1.36 | 1.24 | 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 1.68 | 1.37 | 1.26 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 0.81 |
| SD | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.19 | |
| Controls | Avg | 1.71 | 1.43 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.77 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 1.22 | 1.05 | 1.07 |
| SD | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.16 | |
The “explosive blast” group in this table includes those subjects only exposed to explosive blast and without secondary trauma or PTSD. They are compared to those with explosive blast and one or more comorbidities of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and secondary trauma, the “explosive blast comorbid group” and the values of all subjects with explosive blast, the “combined group”. The highlighted regions (gray) are those showing significant change in the combined group compared to controls. Values in noncomorbid group are generally lower than in the group with comorbidities. NAA/Ch, N-acetyl aspartate to choline; NAA/Cr, N-acetyl aspartate to creatine; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.