Table 1.
Authors and design | Subjects | Cycle phases | Task | Result | Cohen's d (error rate) | E2 correlationsc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LONGITUDINAL | ||||||
Gordon and Lee, 1993a | 34 NC/34 OC | 2–3/10–14/20–24 | Shepard Metzler | No effect of phase or OC | ||
Epting and Overman, 1998 | 27 NC | 3–4/21–22 | Male figures | No effect of phase | 0.06 | |
Hausmann et al., 2000 | 8 NC | 2/22 | Vandenberg Kuse | ↑ early follicular | 0.84 | −0.48/−0.70*e |
Dietrich et al., 2001 | 6 NC | Menses/11–12 | Vandenberg Kuse | no effect of Phase | ||
Maki et al., 2002 | 16 NC | 1–3/19–24 | Vandenberg Kuse | ↑ early follicular | 0.97 | −0.51* |
Schoning et al., 2007 | 20 NC | 1–3/21–25 | Vandenberg Kuse | No effect of phase | 0.22 | |
Mordecai et al., 2008 | 16 NC/20 OC | 2–4/20–22 | Vandenberg Kuse | No effect of phase or OC | 0.03 | |
Kozaki and Yasukouchi, 2009 | 16 NC | 1–3/high E2 | Shepard Metzler | No effect of phase | 0.33 | |
Griksiene and Ruksenas, 2011 | 20 NC/23 OC | 2–5/14/20 | Shepard Metzler | No effect of phase or OCf | ||
Courvoisier et al., 2013b | 7 NC | Once daily 8 weeks | Shepard Metzler | ↑ at low E2 phases | 0.26 | |
CROSS-SECTIONAL | ||||||
Halari et al., 2005c | 42 NC | 3–7 | Vandenberg Kuse | No hormonal correlations | −0.29 | |
Hampson et al., 2014c,d | 44 NC | Low-E2/highE2 | Vandenberg Kuse | ↑ low E2 | 1.14 | −0.37* |
Clock rotation test, easy | No effect of phase | 0.11 | ||||
Clock rotation test, hard | ↑ low E2 | 0.85 | −0.38* |
NC, normal cycling; OC, oral contraceptive users; E2, estradiol.
A composite score consisting of Shepard Metzler, 3D clocks, point location, and a test of perceptual closure was reported.
Unbalanced design, correlation reported for E2 and error rate.
Partial correlation with control for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), otherwise Pearson's correlation.
Low E2 had mean saliva concentration of 3.17 ± 1.0 pg/mL and high E2 6.24 ± 1.7 pg/mL, regardless if tests had been made in the follicular or luteal phases.
Two correlation coefficients were reported, from the first and second test session.
Third generation OC users had longer reaction times in the mental rotation task than normal cycling women, but did not differ in accuracy.
p < 0.05.