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. 2014 May 15;18(2):133–139. doi: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.2.133

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ⓒ2014 Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4. — The breaking energy of the femurs. The breaking energy of the femoral diaphysis was determined by a three-point bending test. The rat groups were the control (Con) with ovariectomy (OVX) plus vitamin D₃ and nicotine (VDN) and no exercise; climbing (Clim) resistance exercise group with OVX plus VDN; and the forced swimming (Swim) exercise group (1 h/day, 6 times/week). The VDN was administered a week after OVX. The exercises started a week after VDN administration. The exercise period was 8 weeks. ^* p < 0.05 vs. the Con. Values are expressed as the mean ± SE.