Table 5.
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression in skeletal muscle.
| Sample | Group | M ± SD | Source | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibialis anterior | C | 0.45±0.11 | Exercise Quercetin Exercise × Quercetin |
51.45 1.16 0.10 |
.001** 0.30 0.76 |
| Q | 0.42±0.15 | ||||
| E | 0.17±0.04 | ||||
| EQ | 0.11±0.02 | ||||
| Soleus | C | 1.20±0.34 | Exercise Quercetin Exercise × Quercetin |
11.47 1.10 0.32 |
.001** 0.31 0.58 |
| Q | 1.00±0.13 | ||||
| E | 0.75±0.06 | ||||
| EQ | 0.70±0.17 | ||||
**
p < 0.01.C, High-fat for 12 weeks and low-fat diet for 8 weeks control; Q, high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet for 8 weeks with quercetin; E, high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet for 8 weeks with exercise; EQ, high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet for 8 weeks with exercise and quercetin. All values are means ± standard deviations (SDs) of relative density units using β-actin as the control