Table 1.

Prevalence of pfcrt and pfmdr1 Haplotypes Before and After Treatment With Artemether-Lumefantrine or Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine

Gene	Odds Ratio: Occurrence on Day 3 vs Baseline (95% CI)	Directional Selection Within-Hosta
		LOSS (Frequency)	GAIN (Frequency)	P Value
pfcrt codons 72-76CVMNK
AL (N = 43 143)	10.32 (3.42–41.4) P < .001	1	15	P < .001 (N = 43)
DP (N = 30 135)	7.64 (2.17–40.8) P < .001	1	9	P = .0114 (N = 30)
Combined ACT (N = 73 278)	8.90 (3.88–23.69) P < .001	2	24	P < .001 (N = 73)
pfmdr1 codons 86, 184, 1246 NFD
AL (N = 26 101)	3.15 (1.19–8.60) P = .001	1	9	P = .0114 (N = 22)
DP (N = 15 104)	8.52 (1.76–80.3) P = .002	1	6	P = .0588 (N = 15)
Combined ACT (N = 42 206)	3.59 (1.68–7.95) P < .001	2	15	P = .0016 (N = 38)

Abbreviations: ACT, artemisinin-based combination therapy; AL, artemether-lumefantrine; DP, dihydro-artemisinin-piperaquine.

^a Change in genotype in the same patient between day 0 and day 3 is scored as loss or gain; significance tested using McNemar's test of asymmetry.