Table 4.
Percentage of pollination systems in this study and in other tropical communities
| Pollination system |
Dry forest – Caatinga (this study) |
Dry forest – Cerrado (Silberbauer-Gottsberger and Gottsberger, 1988) |
Dry forest –Cerrado (Oliveira and Gibbs, 2000) |
Coastal vegetation – Restinga (Ormond et al., 1993)1 |
Shrubland (Ramirez, 1989) |
Rain forest (Bawa et al. 1985) |
Rain forest (Kress and Beach, 1994) |
Dipterocarp forest (Kato, 1996) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind | 2·0 | 13·6 | 0·0 | – | 8·2 | 2·5 | 2·5 | 0·0 |
| Beetles | 0·7 | 2·8 | 2·0 | – | 2·7 | 7·3 | 12·7 | 2·4 |
| Wasps | 1·3 | – | – | – | – | 4·3 | 2·5 | 2·4 |
| Moths | 1·3 | 2·22 | 12·0 | 29·82 | 10·92 | 7·9 | 8·0 | 2·4 |
| Butterflies | 3·9 | 0·0 | 4·9 | 4·3 | 2·4 | |||
| Sphingids | 7·2 | 2·2 | – | 4·5 | – | 8·0 | – | – |
| Hummingbirds | 15·0 | 1·8 | 2·0 | 5·4 | 12·3 | 4·3 | 14·9 | – |
| Sunbird | 0·0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9·8 |
| Diverse small insects | 12·4 | – | 49·0 | – | – | 15·8 | 11·2 | 2·4 |
| Bats | 13·1 | 1·8 | 3·0 | 2·1 | – | 3·0 | 3·6 | 0·0 |
| Medium-large bees | 30·5 | 65·23 | 32·0 | 40·83 | 56·23 | 27·5 | 24·3 | 26·7 |
| Small bees | 12·6 | – | 14·0 | 14·1 | 44·0 | |||
| Flies | 0·0 | 10·4 | – | 17·8 | 9·6 | – | 1·8 | 7·3 |
| Thrips | 0·0 | – | – | – | – | 0·6 | – | – |
1
Data for nectariferous species only
2
sum of percentages of moth and butterfly pollination systems
3
sum of percentages of medium-large bees and small bees pollination systems.