Fig. 4. Northern hybridization of RNA of V. vinifera ‘Shiraz’ roots and nodosities induced by isolate VWL‐1 with defence‐related and other cDNA probes (described in Table 1). For each hybridization, the left lane is 10 µg uninfested root RNA, the right lane 10 µg nodosity RNA; each row represents one RNA gel. (A) Ethidium bromide‐stained lanes show relatively even loading of RNA on each of four gels. (B) Stilbene synthase probe cDNA clone pSV696. (C) Chalcone synthase probe cDNA clone pBS305. (D) Phenylalanine ammonia lyase probe cDNA clone pBS204. (E) Polyphenol oxidase probe cDNA clone pID96. (F) Thaumatin‐like protein probe cDNA clone VvTL1. (G) Thaumatin‐like protein probe cDNA clone VvTL2. (H) PR‐4 type protein probe cDNA clone VvPR4a. (I) Nodule cell wall‐related protein cDNA clone Grip 15 (J) Nodule cell wall‐related protein cDNA clone Grip 28. (K) Nodule pericycle‐related protein cDNA clone Grip 31. (L) Nodule pericycle‐related protein cDNA clone Grip 68. (M) Sucrose transporter cDNA clone VvSUC12. (N) Sucrose transporter cDNA clone VvSUC27. (O) Sucrose starvation‐related protein cDNA clone Grip 21.