Table 3.

Summary equations describing monolignol biosynthesis from prephenate

No.*		Summary equation
4‐Coumaryl alcohol
S.5	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + NADPH	→	4‐coumaryl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + NADP+ + PPi + Pi + CO2
S.6	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + 3 NADPH + O2	→	4‐coumaryl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + 3 NADP+ + PPi + Pi + CO2 + 2 H2O
Coniferyl alcohol
S.7	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + 2 NADPH + O2 + SAM	→	coniferyl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + 2 NADP+ + PPi + Pi + CO2 + H2O + SAH
S.8	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + 4 NADPH + 2 O2 + SAM	→	coniferyl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + 4 NADP+ + PPi + Pi + CO2 + 3 H2O + SAH
Sinapyl alcohol
S.9	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + 3 NADPH + 2 O2 + 2 SAM	→	sinapyl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + 3 NADP+ + PPi + Pi + 2 H2O + CO2 + 2 SAH
S.10	Prephenate + 3 ATP + NADH + 5 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 SAM	→	sinapyl alcohol + 3 ADP + NAD+ + 5 NADP+ + PPi + Pi + 4 H2O + CO2 + 2 SAH

Figure 2 shows complete reaction sequences. Equations (S.5), (S.7) and (S.9) include the tyrosine pathway (found only or mainly in monocots), whereas eqns (S.6), (S.8) and (S.10) include the phenylalanine pathway (found in all plants). SAH, S‐Adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S‐adenosylmethionine.

* Summary equation numbers (No.) are used elsewhere in analysis.