Table 3.
Factors Independently Associated with Risk for Lethal Violence among Black women in Baltimore and in the USVI
| Independent Variables | Total Sample (N=456) | US (N=134) | USVI (N=322) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | p | |||
| SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||||
| Victims’ Age | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 0.08 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.02 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.31 | ||
| Abusers’ Education N (%) | ||||||||
| Did not graduate high school (Ref) | ||||||||
| High school graduate | 0.59 (0.28–1.27) | 0.18 | 0.46 (0.07–3.17) | 0.43 | 0.59 (0.24–1.46) | 0.25 | ||
| Some college or higher | 0.55 (0.29–1.01) | 0.05 | 0.55 (0.15–1.97) | 0.36 | 0.46 (0.21–1.01) | 0.05 | ||
| Abusers’ Employment N (%) | ||||||||
| Unemployed or employed some time (Ref) | ||||||||
| Employed most or all the time | 0.60 (0.35–1.05) | 0.07 | 0.31 (0.09–1.04) | 0.05 | 0.83 (0.42–1.67) | 0.61 | ||
| RELATIONSHIP CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||||
| Cohabited with the abusive partner | 1.28 (0.72–2.29) | 0.41 | 5.28 (1.33–20.99) | 0.01 | 0.83 (0.41–1.67) | 0.60 | ||
| Relationship with the abuser | ||||||||
| Spouse/Common Law (Ref) | ||||||||
| Ex-Spouse | 2.09 (0.64–6.75) | 0.22 | 1.78 (0.25–12.75) | 0.56 | 1.98 (0.39–10.08) | 0.41 | ||
| Boyfriend | 1.74 (0.61–4.94) | 0.29 | 0.41 (0.05–3.12) | 0.38 | 3.39 (0.83–13.91) | 0.09 | ||
| Ex-boyfriend | 1.17 (0.40–3.36) | 0.77 | 0.64 (0.08–5.43) | 0.68 | 1.23 (0.30–5.04) | 0.77 | ||
| Other | 2.02 (0.53–7.66) | 0.30 | 3.58 (0.30–42.48) | 0.31 | 1.73 (0.25–11.97) | 0.57 | ||
| ABUSE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||||
| Perceived fear of abusive partner | 1.19 (1.01–1.43) | 0.04 | 1.51 (1.03–2.22) | 0.03 | 1.10(0.88–1.38) | 0.39 | ||
| Severity of Injuries | 1.13 (0.95–1.36) | 0.17 | 0.95 (0.62–1.47) | 0.82 | 1.21 (0.98–1.51) | 0.08 | ||
| WOMEN’S MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE MISUSE | ||||||||
| PTSD | 1.29 (1.05–1.59) | 0.02 | 0.74 (0.44–1.21) | 0.23 | 1.55(1.21–1.98) | 0.00 | ||
| Depression | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.23 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.18 | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 0.28 | ||
| Drug Use | 1.13-0.52–2.47) | 0.76 | 0.73 (0.15–3.43) | 0.69 | 1.28 (0.42–3.93) | 0.66 | ||
| Alcohol use | 1.08 (0.95–1.25) | 0.22 | 1.26 (0.99–1.59) | 0.05 | 1.00 (0.83–1.22) | 0.96 | ||
| USE OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES | ||||||||
| Use of domestic violence resources | 1.61 (0.84–3.10) | 0.15 | 1.47 (0.41–5.29) | 0.55 | 2.16 (0.90–5.19) | 0.08 | ||
| Use of legal resources | 4.20 (2.38–7.40) | 0.00 | 8.27 (2.22–30.75) | 0.00 | 2.81 (1.39–5.66) | 0.00 | ||
Note: Women who scored higher than 13 on the DA were classified as being at high risk for LV, and those who scored 13 or below, were classified in the low risk group for the dichotomous LV dependent variable.