Table 3.
6-year changes in weight (kg) between 2001 and 2007 in male Millennium Cohort Study members who remained and did not remain in the military during follow-up, stratified by various characteristicsa
| Discharged from the military during follow-up N=5826 |
Remained in the military during follow-up N=23,008 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean weight Δ (kg) |
Mean weight Δ difference (kg) compared to the reference category (95% CI) |
Mean weight Δ (kg) |
Mean weight Δ difference (kg) compared to the reference category (95% CI) |
|
| Overall | +5.7 | -- | +3.5 | -- | |
| Birth year | |||||
| 1979 or later | +8.8 |
+4.8 (+3.2, +6.5) |
+6.8 |
+4.0 (+3.3, +4.7) |
|
| 1973–1978 | +7.5 |
+3.5 (+2.4, +4.6) |
+4.6 |
+1.8 (+1.4, +2.2) |
|
| 1967–1972 | +6.5 |
+2.5 (+1.4, +3.7) |
+3.4 |
+0.6 (+0.3, +0.9) |
|
| 1960–1966 | +5.7 |
+1.7 (+0.9, +2.5) |
+3.4 |
+0.5 (+0.2, +0.9) |
|
| 1959 or earlier | +4.0 | Ref | 2.8 | Ref | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school diploma | +5.3 | +1.5 (−0.3, +3.3) |
+4.1 |
+1.9 (+1.2, +2.5) |
|
| High school graduate | +6.6 |
+2.8 (+1.8, +3.8) |
+4.3 |
+2.0 (+1.6, +2.4) |
|
| Some college | +5.6 |
+1.9 (+1.8, +2.9) |
+3.6 |
+1.4 (+0.9, +1.8) |
|
| Bachelor’s degree | +4.7 | +0.9 (−0.3, +2.2) |
+2.8 |
+0.5 (+0.02, +0.9) |
|
| Postgraduate degree | +3.8 | Ref | +2.3 | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | +5.8 | Ref | +3.6 | Ref | |
| Non-Hispanic black | +5.7 | −0.3 (−1.1, +0.6) |
+4.0 |
+0.5 (+0.1, +0.8) |
|
| Other | +5.1 | −0.7 (−1.4, −0.1) |
+3.3 | −0.3 (−0.5, −0.01) |
|
| Marital status | |||||
| Not married | +6.5 |
+1.2 (+0.7, +1.7) |
+4.3 |
+1.1 (+0.9, +1.3) |
|
| Married | +5.4 | Ref | +3.3 | Ref | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | +6.9 | +2.4 (−3.1, +7.9) |
+15.0 |
+11.2 (+9.1, +13.3) |
|
| 18.5–24.9 | +4.5 | Ref | +3.8 | Ref | |
| 25.0–29.9 | +5.7 |
+1.2 (+0.5, +1.9) |
+3.4 | −0.5 (−0.7, −0.2) |
|
| ≥30 | +7.0 |
+2.5 (+1.5, +3.5) |
+3.4 | −0.4 (−0.8, −0.02) |
|
| Smoking status in 2004 | |||||
| Persistent never smoker | +5.5 | Ref | +3.4 | Ref | |
| Persistent former smoker | +5.7 | +0.2 (−0.5, +0.9) |
+3.5 | +0.1 (−0.1, +0.4) |
|
| Recent quitter | +6.9 |
+1.4 (+0.1, +2.6) |
+4.4 |
+1.0 (+0.6, +1.5) |
|
| Current smoker | +5.7 | +0.2 (−0.7, +1.0) |
+3.9 |
+0.5 (+0.2, +0.8) |
|
|
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms |
|||||
| No | +5.5 | Ref | +3.5 | Ref | |
| Yes | +8.2 |
+2.7 (+1.7, +3.6) |
+5.1 |
+1.6 (+1.1, +2.1) |
|
| Depression symptoms | |||||
| No | +5.6 | Ref | +3.5 | Ref | |
| Yes | +8.9 |
+3.4 (+2.2, +4.6) |
+5.5 |
+2.0 (+1.3, +2.6) |
|
|
Deployment experience between the 2001 and 2004 surveys |
|||||
| Not deployed | +5.5 | Ref | +3.4 | Ref | |
| Deployed without combat exposures | +5.7 | +0.2 (−0.6, +1.1) |
+3.6 | +0.2 (−0.04, +0.5) |
|
| Deployed with combat exposures | +6.5 |
+1.1 (+0.3, +1.8) |
+4.1 |
+0.7 (+0.4, +1.0) |
|
| Service component | |||||
| Active duty | +5.8 | Ref | +3.6 | Ref | |
| Reserve/National Guard | +4.8 | −1.0 (−1.6, −0.4) |
+3.5 | −0.1 (−0.3, +0.05) |
|
| Branch of service | |||||
| Army | +6.1 | Ref | +3.9 | Ref | |
| Navy/Coast Guard | +5.1 | −0.9 (−1.7, −0.2) |
+3.1 | −0.8 (−1.1, −0.5) |
|
| Marine Corps | +7.1 | +1.0 (−0.3, +2.3) |
+3.6 | −0.3 (−0.9, +0.3) |
|
| Air Force | +5.2 | −0.9 (−1.6, −0.1) |
+3.3 | −0.6 (−0.8, −0.3) |
|
| Year of military service | |||||
| <10 | +7.4 | Ref | +4.9 | Ref | |
| 10–13 | +7.0 | −0.4 (−2.0, +1.1) |
+3.4 | −1.5 (−2.0, −1.1) |
|
| 14–20 | +5.6 | −1.8 (−2.9, −0.8) |
+3.3 | −1.6 (−1.9, −1.2) |
|
| 21–25 | +5.5 | −2.0 (−2.9, −1.0) |
+3.5 | −1.4 (−1.8, −1.0) |
|
| ≥26 | +3.9 | −3.5 (−4.6, −2.4) |
+2.8 | −2.1 (−2.5, −1.7) |
|
Bold font indicates that p<0.05 for weight change difference estimates.
a
All characteristics reflect those measured at baseline, unless otherwise stated.