Table 4.
6-year changes in weight (kg) between 2001 and 2007 in female Millennium Cohort Study members who remained and did not remain in the military during follow-up, stratified by various characteristicsa
| Discharged from the military during follow-up N=2019 |
Remained in the military during follow-up N=7700 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean weight Δ (kg) |
Mean weight Δ difference (kg) compared to the reference category (95% CI) |
Mean weight Δ (kg) |
Mean weight Δ difference (kg) compared to the reference category (95% CI) |
|
| Overall | +6.3 | -- | +4.0 | -- | |
| Birth year | |||||
| 1979 or later | +7.7 |
+3.5 (+1.3, +5.8) |
+5.5 |
+2.1 (+1.2, +3.1) |
|
| 1973–1978 | +7.0 |
+2.8 (+1.0, +4.6) |
+4.5 |
+1.1 (+0.4, +1.8) |
|
| 1967–1972 | +6.5 |
+2.2 (+0.1, +4.3) |
+4.0 | +0.6 (−0.04, +1.3) |
|
| 1960–1966 | +6.4 |
+2.2 (+0.5, +3.9) |
+3.8 | +0.4 (−0.3, +1.1) |
|
| 1959 or earlier | +4.2 | Ref | +3.4 | Ref | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school diploma | +6.5 | +2.6 (−0.6, +5.7) |
+4.5 |
+1.6 (+0.5, +2.7) |
|
| High school graduate | +7.4 |
+3.5 (+1.6, +5.4) |
+4.6 |
+1.7 (+1.0, +2.5) |
|
| Some college | +6.6 |
+2.7 (+0.6, +4.8) |
+4.3 |
+1.3 (+0.5, +2.1) |
|
| Bachelor’s degree | +4.7 | +0.8 (−1.5, +3.1) |
+3.3 | +0.4 (−0.4, +1.2) |
|
| Postgraduate degree | +3.9 | Ref | +2.9 | Ref | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | +6.4 | Ref | +4.0 | Ref | |
| Non-Hispanic black | +6.9 | +0.5 (−0.7, +1.8) |
+4.7 |
+0.7 (+0.2, +1.2) |
|
| Other | +5.4 | −1.0 (−2.2, +0.3) |
+3.4 | −0.6 (−1.1, −0.1) |
|
| Marital status | |||||
| Not married | +7.1 |
+1.5 (+0.8, +2.3) |
+4.5 |
+0.9 (+0.6, +1.2) |
|
| Married | +5.5 | Ref | +3.6 | Ref | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | +7.0 | +1.9 (−2.0, +5.8) |
+4.8 | +0.8 (−0.7, +2.5) |
|
| 18.5–24.9 | +5.2 | Ref | +3.9 | Ref | |
| 25.0–29.9 | +8.0 |
+2.9 (+1.7, +4.1) |
+4.4 |
+0.6 (+0.1, +1.0) |
|
| ≥30 | +5.8 | +0.6 (−1.5, +2.8) |
+2.5 | −1.4 (−2.4, −0.4) |
|
| Smoking status in 2004 | |||||
| Persistent never smoker | +6.3 | Ref | +4.0 | Ref | |
| Persistent former smoker | +5.9 | −0.4 (−1.8, +1.0) |
+3.7 | −0.2 (−0.8, +0.3) |
|
| Recent quitter | +7.3 | +1.0 (−1.4, +3.4) |
+4.7 | +0.7 (−0.3, +1.7) |
|
| Current smoker | +6.4 | +0.2 (−1.4, +1.8) |
+4.4 | +0.5 (−0.2, +1.1) |
|
| Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms | |||||
| No | +6.2 | Ref | +3.9 | Ref | |
| Yes | +7.9 |
+1.8 (+0.2, +3.3) |
+6.3 |
+2.4 (+1.6, +3.2) |
|
| Depression symptoms | |||||
| No | +6.2 | Ref | +4.0 | Ref | |
| Yes | +7.4 | +1.2 (−0.5, +2.9) |
+5.4 |
+1.5 (+0.6, +2.3) |
|
|
Deployment experience between the 2001 and 2004 surveys |
|||||
| Not deployed | +6.0 | Ref | +3.9 | Ref | |
| Deployed without combat exposures | +7.7 | +1.8 (−0.01, +3.5) |
+4.4 | +0.5 (−0.1, +1.1) |
|
| Deployed with combat exposures | +8.0 |
+2.0 (+0.2, +3.9) |
+4.3 | +0.4 (−0.3, +1.0) |
|
| Service component | |||||
| Active duty | +6.5 | Ref | +4.0 | Ref | |
| Reserve/National Guard | +5.5 | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.2) |
+4.0 | +0.02 (−0.3, +0.3) |
|
| Branch of service | |||||
| Army | +6.2 | Ref | +4.1 | Ref | |
| Navy/Coast Guard | +5.8 | −0.4 (−1.8, +1.0) |
+3.6 | −0.5 (−1.1, +0.1) |
|
| Marine Corps | +7.4 | +1.2 (−2.0, +4.5) |
+4.2 | +0.1 (−1.6, +1.8) |
|
| Air Force | +6.7 | +0.5 (−0.9, +1.9) |
+4.2 | +0.1 (−0.4, +0.6) |
|
| Year of military service | |||||
| <10 | +6.9 | Ref | +4.6 | Ref | |
| 10–13 | +7.0 | +0.1 (−2.0, +2.3) |
+3.8 | −0.8 (−1.6, −0.1) |
|
| 14–20 | +6.0 | −0.9 (−2.6, +0.7) |
+3.9 | −0.7 (−1.3, −0.1) |
|
| 21–25 | +5.6 | −1.3 (−2.9, +0.3) |
+3.7 | −0.9 (−1.7, −0.2) |
|
| ≥26 | +5.0 | −1.9 (−4.4, +0.6) |
+3.4 | −1.2 (−2.1, −0.3) |
|
Bold font indicates that p<0.05 for weight change difference estimates.
a
All characteristics reflect those measured at baseline, unless otherwise stated