Table 5.

Multivariable-adjusted associations of demographic, military, and risk factor characteristics and clinically-important weight gain^a over 6 years in men and women who were discharged from the military during follow-up, Millennium Cohort Study, 2001–2007

Characteristic	Men			Women
	Clinically important weight gain (%)	ORb	95% CI	Clinically important weight gain (%)	ORb	95% CI
Overallc	28.7	1.00	Ref	40.1	1.80	1.59, 2.03
Birth year
1979 or later	50.2	2.52	1.58, 4.02	48.4	1.33	0.75, 2.37
1973–1978	41.2	1.98	1.35, 2.90	44.3	1.32	0.80, 2.19
1967–1972	36.0	1.72	1.29, 2.29	45.6	1.59	1.02, 2.49
1960–1966	30.6	1.31	1.09, 1.58	41.8	1.40	1.02, 1.92
1959 or earlier	19.3	1.00	Ref	28.6	1.00	Ref
Education
Less than high school diploma	31.4	1.78	1.23, 2.59	43.6	2.19	1.24, 3.85
High school graduate	36.0	1.90	1.50, 2.41	48.5	2.29	1.56, 3.36
Some college	30.4	1.56	1.24, 1.97	41.8	1.64	1.13, 2.37
Bachelor’s degree	22.6	1.18	0.91, 1.53	31.3	1.25	0.84, 1.86
Postgraduate degree	17.3	1.00	Ref	25.1	1.00	Ref
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	31.4	1.00	Ref	41.1	1.00	Ref
Non-Hispanic black	27.2	0.75	0.61, 0.91	45.6	1.02	0.89, 1.31
Other	26.1	0.81	0.68, 0.96	35.8	0.89	0.68, 1.16
Marital status
Not married	36.2	1.01	0.86, 1.19	43.8	1.14	0.94, 1.40
Married	28.2	1.00	Ref	38.3	1.00	Ref
Smoking status in 2004
Persistent never smoker	28.4	1.00	Ref	39.7	1.00	Ref
Persistent former smoker	30.9	1.09	0.95, 1.26	40.9	1.03	0.81, 1.30
Recent quitter	37.7	1.23	0.97, 1.57	48.3	1.20	0.80, 1.78
Current smoker	31.1	0.87	0.73, 1.03	43.2	0.98	0.74, 1.28
Body mass index (kg/m2)
<18.5	35.3	1.33	0.48, 3.74	53.7	1.86	0.97, 3.56
18.5–24.9	26.7	1.00	Ref	36.1	1.00	Ref
25.0–29.9	29.7	1.35	1.16, 1.56	47.5	1.62	1.32, 1.98
≥30	36.2	1.82	1.50, 2.21	41.1	1.24	0.86, 1.79
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
No	29.5	1.00	Ref	40.2	1.00	Ref
Yes	41.4	1.20	0.89, 1.61	51.9	1.34	0.89, 2.02
Depression symptoms
No	29.6	1.00	Ref	40.5	1.00	Ref
Yes	44.0	1.39	0.97, 2.01	49.5	1.19	0.76, 1.86
Deployment experience between the 2001 and 2004 surveys
Not deployed	28.1	1.00	Ref	39.3	1.00	Ref
Deployed without combat exposures	32.4	1.14	0.94, 1.37	48.2	1.26	0.90, 1.77
Deployed with combat exposures	38.9	1.25	1.05, 1.49	52.0	1.50	1.05, 2.14
Service component
Active duty	31.1	1.00	Ref	38.1	1.00	Ref
Reserve/National Guard	24.2	0.52	0.43, 0.63	41.8	0.71	0.55, 0.91
Branch of service
Army	32.1	1.00	Ref	41.9	1.00	Ref
Navy/Coast Guard	25.5	0.62	0.52, 0.72	38.3	0.79	0.61, 1.01
Marine Corps	42.7	1.26	0.98, 1.61	46.8	1.13	0.66, 1.93
Air Force	28.1	0.90	0.74, 1.09	40.7	1.15	0.86, 1.54
Year of military service
<10	41.4	1.00	Ref	44.6	1.00	Ref
10–13	38.3	1.09	0.82, 1.44	45.7	1.06	0.75, 1.50
14–20	29.9	0.93	0.67, 1.29	40.2	0.95	0.63, 1.41
21–25	29.1	0.96	0.68, 1.35	37.1	0.88	0.56, 1.39
≥26	18.2	0.77	0.52, 1.13	30.0	0.97	0.54, 1.76
Discharge group
Discharged between 2001 and 2004	29.1	1.00	Ref	38.8	1.00	Ref
Discharged between 2004 and 2007	31.0	1.01	0.89, 1.15	43.5	1.11	0.91, 1.35

Bold font indicates p<0.05

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio

^a“Clinically-important” weight gain defined as ≥10% body weight gain.

^bAdjusted for all variables in the table.

^cThis row is read across (odds ratio of clinically important weight gain in women vs. men) whereas all other odds ratios are read down, within a column.