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Effect of LPS on GPR109A/HCA2 mRNA in AcLDL-loaded RAW cells. RAW cells were coincubated with AcLDL (100 μg/ml) and LPS (100 ng/ml) for 16 h. Total RNA was isolated, and GPR109A/HCA2 mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR performed as described in Materials and Methods. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Data are expressed as fold increase over controls. N = 3 per group. *** P < 0.001.
