Table 2.

Published observations to support the hypothesis that a grass–fire cycle is driving the decline of Callitris intratropica other fire-sensitive elements of the biota across northern Australia.

Observation	Citation
1. Biodiversity declines (granivorous birds, small mammals, obligate-seeder heaths) across northern Australia, putatively associated with changes to fire regimes	Russell-Smith et al. (1998), Franklin et al. (2005), Woinarski et al. (2011)
2. C. intratropica in widespread decline	Bowman and Panton (1993), Prior et al. (2007), Graham (2001)
3. Adult C. intratropica resistant to high fire frequencies, but easily killed by moderate-intensity fires	Bowman et al. (1988), Trauernicht et al. (2012)
4. Biomass of annual grasses elevated in areas under European fire management, compared to Aboriginal-managed lands	Yibarbuk et al. (2001), Bowman et al. (2004, 2007a)
5. High biomass of annual grasses increases fire intensity and decreases fine-scale patchiness of fires	Yibarbuk et al. (2001), Werner (2010)
6. Fire activity occurs earlier in the fire season in recent decades, signaling greater contribution of rapidly-curing grasses to fuel	Bowman et al. (2007b)