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. 2014 Nov 24;9(11):e113531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113531

Figure 2. Effects of AGE and FruArg on NO production induced by LPS in BV-2 cells.

Figure 2

(A) BV-2 cells were treated with LPS in the presence of AGE (0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, or 1%) for 20 h. Griess assay (left plot) showed NO level significantly increased after LPS-exposure (*, p<0.05 vs. untreated), but was inhibited by AGE in a dose-dependent manner (#, p<0.05 vs. LPS-treated by one-way ANOVA, n = 3; data are presented as mean±SEM). Result of MTT assay indicated the addition of AGE did not significantly affect the cell viability (right plot). (B) Dose titration for administration of FruArg. BV-2 cells were exposed to LPS in the presence of various concentration of FruArg (0, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mM) for 20 h. LPS-induced NO production was significantly suppressed by FruArg in a dose-dependent manner (left plot; *, p<0.05 vs. untreated; #, p<0.05 vs. LPS-treated by one-way ANOVA, n = 3; data are presented as mean±SEM), however, the cell viability was not affected (right plot). (C) Effects of AGE and FruArg in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. According to above results, 0.5% for AGE and 3 mM for FruArg were selected as the treatment concentrations used for further study, respectively. Under such conditions, AGE and FruArg alone neither show any effect on NO production (left) nor on cell viability (right). L-NAME (0.5 mM), a known broad-spectrum NOS inhibitor, was introduced as a positive control. *, p<0.05 vs. untreated; #, p<0.05, vs. LPS-treated by one-way ANOVA, n = 3; Data are presented as mean±SEM.