TABLE 1.
Association between study variables and smoking status (N = 663)
| Current smoker (N = 249) | Nonsmoker (N = 414) | p valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Former smoker (N = 57) | Never smoker (N = 357) | |||
| Age | M = 37.8 (14.2) | M = 50.6 (17.1) | M = 37.6 (17.3) | 0.188b |
| Age | 0.009c | |||
| 18–29 (n = 260) | N = 89 (35.7 %) | N = 11 (19.3 %) | N = 160 (44.8 %) | |
| 30–39 (n = 135) | N = 59 (23.7 %) | N = 7 (12.3 %) | N = 69 (19.3 %) | |
| 40–49 (n = 89) | N = 41 (16.5 %) | N = 6 (10.5 %) | N = 42 (11.8 %) | |
| 50–64 (n = 124) | N = 49 (19.7 %) | N = 21 (36.8 %) | N = 54 (15.1 %) | |
| >65 (n = 55) | N = 11 (4.4 %) | N = 12 (21.1 %) | N = 32 (9.0 %) | |
| Marital status | 0.539c | |||
| Single/never married (n = 447) | N = 178 (73.0 %) | N = 24 (43.6 %) | N = 245 (71.2 %) | |
| Member of unmarried couple (n = 3) | N = 1 (0.4 %) | N = 0 (0 %) | N = 2 (0.6 %) | |
| Married (n = 35) | N = 11 (4.5 %) | N = 2 (3.6 %) | N = 22 (6.4 %) | |
| Separated (n = 44) | N = 17 (7.0 %) | N = 7 (12.7 %) | N = 20 (5.8 %) | |
| Divorced (n = 65) | N = 24 (9.8 %) | N = 14 (25.5 %) | N = 27 (7.9 %) | |
| Widowed (n = 49) | N = 13 (5.3 %) | N = 8 (14.6 %) | N = 28 (8.1 %) | |
| Educational degree | 0.212c | |||
| Less than high school (n = 199) | N = 77 (30.9 %) | N = 23 (40.4 %) | N = 99 (27.7 %) | |
| High school diploma or equivalent (n = 366) | N = 135 (54.2 %) | N = 24 (42.1 %) | N = 207 (60.0 %) | |
| Associate’s degree (n = 36) | N = 10 (4.0 %) | N = 5 (8.8 %) | N = 21 (5.9 %) | |
| Bachelor’s degree (n = 16) | N = 5 (2.0 %) | N = 1 (1.8 %) | N = 10 (2.8 %) | |
| Master’s degree (n = 3) | N = 0 | N = 0 | N = 3 (0.8 %) | |
| Other (n = 43) | N = 22 (8.8 %) | N = 4 (7.0 %) | N = 17 (4.8 %) | |
| Highest grade in school | M = 11.6 (1.7) | M = 10.9 (2.4) | M = 11.8 (1.9) | 0.430b |
| Working status | 0.057c | |||
| Working full time (n = 137) | N = 45 (18.1 %) | N = 8 (14.0 %) | N = 84 (23.5 %) | |
| Working part time (n = 70) | N = 28 (11.2 %) | N = 5 (8.8 %) | N = 37 (10.4 %) | |
| Unemployed/laid off (n = 110) | N = 47 (18.9 %) | N = 7 (12.3 %) | N = 56 (15.7 %) | |
| Looking for work/unemployed (n = 121) | N = 55 (22.1 %) | N = 6 (10.5 %) | N = 60 (16.8 %) | |
| Student (n = 68) | N = 24 (9.6 %) | N = 4 (7.0 %) | N = 40 (11.2 %) | |
| Disabled (n = 116) | N = 43 (17.3 %) | N = 21 (36.8 %) | N = 52 (14.6 %) | |
| Retired (n = 33) | N = 5 (2.0 %) | N = 5 (8.8 %) | N = 23 (6.4 %) | |
| Other (n = 8) | N = 2 (0.8 %) | N = 1 (1.8 %) | N = 5 (1.4 %) | |
| Income | 0.008c | |||
| $0–$5,000 (n = 275) | N = 117 (62.6 %) | N = 20 (45.5 %) | N = 138 (49.1 %) | |
| $5,001–$10,000 (n = 107) | N = 35 (18.7 %) | N = 11 (25.0 %) | N = 61 (21.7 %) | |
| $10,001–$20,000 (n = 85) | N = 22 (11.8 %) | N = 9 (20.5 %) | N = 54 (19.2 %) | |
| $20,001–$30,000 (n = 28) | N = 11 (5.9 %) | N = 2 (4.5 %) | N = 15 (5.3 %) | |
| $30,001–$40,000 (n = 17) | N = 2 (1.1 %) | N = 2 (4.5 %) | N = 13 (4.6 %) | |
| BMI | M = 29.6 (8.0) | M = 33.5 (12.1) | M = 31.6 (8.7) | 0.001b |
| Current health | 0.264c | |||
| Excellent (n = 124) | N = 39 (16.0 %) | N = 10 (18.2 %) | N = 75 (21.8 %) | |
| Good (n = 293) | N = 110 (45.1 %) | N = 19 (34.5 %) | N = 164 (47.7 %) | |
| Fair (n = 188) | N = 80 (32.8 %) | N = 18 (32.7 %) | N = 901 (26.2 %) | |
| Poor (n = 38) | N = 15 (6.2 %) | N = 8 (14.5 %) | N = 15 (4.4 %) | |
| Health care coverage (yes: n = 461) | N = 164 (67.5 %) | N = 46 (83.6 %) | N = 251 (67.5 %) | 0.051c |
| Years lived in neighborhood | M = 4.7 (6.7) | M = 5.6 (5.8) | M = 5.5 (8.4) | 0.144b |
| Number smokers in household | M = 1.3 (0.6) | M = 0.4 (0.8) | M = 0.2 (0.5) | <0.0001b |
| Section 8 (yes: N = 158) | N = 59 (37.3 %) | N = 14 (24.6 %) | N = 85 (23.8 %) | 0.949c |
| Sense of Community Scale (SCS) total score | M = 6.2 (3.0) | M = 6.9 (3.1) | M = 6.3 (2.8) | 0.272b |
| City Stress Inventory (CSI) total score | M = 36.8 (9.6) | M = 33.0 (9.3) | M = 33.0 (10.0) | <0.0001b |
a p values are reported for smoker versus nonsmoker
bFrom t test
cFrom chi-squared test (columns may not add to 100 % due to rounding error)