Table 3.

Adjusted Patient Outcomes on the Relative Score- 30-day Readmission, LOS, Cost Difference in Index Hospitalization, Cumulative Cost Difference (Index Encounter Plus Readmissions Within 30 days)

Outcome	Academic-preceptor vs. hospitalist-alone	Hospitalist-preceptor vs. hospitalist-alone	Academic-preceptor vs. hospitalist-preceptor
30-Day readmission
Odds ratio	1.14	1.10	1.03
95 % CI	(1.03, 1.26)	(1.002, 1.21)	(0.93, 1.14)
p value	0.014	0.046	0.55
Length of stay*
Difference in days	−0.27	−0.34	0.07
95 % CI	(−0.36, −0.18)	(−0.42, −0.26)	(−0.01, 0.16)
p value	<0.001	<0.001	0.10
Index hospitalization cost*
Cost difference (US $)	−386	−570	192
95 % CI	(−576, −192)	(−760, −378)	(−8, 393)
p value	<0.001	<0.001	0.060
Cumulative hospital cost within 30 days*
Cost difference (US $)	253	−1,347	1,728
95 % CI	(−861, 1,435)	(−2,816, 254)	(526, 3,002)
p value	0.66	0.097	0.0043

The reference group is hospitalist-alone service. Estimates from GEE are reported on the original scale and adjusted for age, gender, sum of comorbidity categories, MS-DRG weight, ICU admission, weekend admission, weekend discharge, payer category and a clustering effect for repeated patient and provider encounters. Cumulative cost was defined as the index encounter plus readmissions within 30 days of discharge. All p values reported are for these adjusted analyses

*We included a smearing estimator to correct for retransformation bias. Unadjusted outcomes are reported in the online Appendix, Table A3