Table 4. Relations between work-related personal factors and musculoskeletal complaints.
| ULNMD location |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neck (n=1,160) | Shoulder (n=881) | Elbow (n=246) | Wrist (n=520) | ||||||
| n (%) | PR [95% CI] | n (%) | PR [95% CI] | n (%) | PR [95% CI] | n (%) | PR [95% CI] | ||
| Contract | Permanent contract | 238 (47.1) | 1 | 723 (41.1) | 1*** | 30 (6.0) | 1**** | 424 (24.3) | 1** |
| Temporary contract | 912 (51.5) | 0.9 [0.82–1.01] | 151 (30.1) | 0.73 [0.64–0.85] | 215 (12.3) | 0.48 [0.33–0.70] | 93 (18.5) | 0.76 [0.62–0.93] | |
| Occupational group | Housekeepers | 281 (45.7) | 1* | 210 (34.5) | 1* | 752 (12.4) | 1 | 137 (22.8) | 1**** |
| Nursing Assistants | 708 (52.3) | 1.14 [1.04–1.26] | 552 (40.8) | 1.18 [1.04–1.34] | 141 (10.5) | 0.85 [0.65–1.10] | 388 (25.1) | 1.10 [0.92–1.31] | |
| Nurses | 171 (52.6) | 1.15 [1.00–1.32] | 120 (36.9) | 1.07 [0.89–1.28] | 30 (9.4) | 0.75 [0.50–1.12] | 45 (14.1) | 0.62 [0.45–0.84] | |
| Full/part-time work | Part-time | 850 (51.4) | 0.94 [0.86–1.04] | 231 (37.3) | 0.95 [0.84–1.07] | 63 (10.3) | 0.93 [0.71–1.22] | 127 (20.6) | 0.86 [0.72–1.03] |
| Full-time | 302 (48.5) | 1 | 647 (39.3) | 1 | 180 (11.0) | 1. | 390 (23.8) | 1 | |
| Schedule | Fixed-schedule daytime work | 234 (45.8) | 1* | 194 (38.3) | 1 | 52 (10.3) | 1 | 123 (24.4) | 1 |
| Other | 909 (51.8) | 1.13 [1.02–1.26] | 675 (38.7) | 1.00 [0.89–1.14] | 194 (11.2) | 1.09 [0.81–1.45] | 391 (22.5) | 0.92 [0.77–1.10] | |
| Night-shifts | No | 986 (50.8) | 1 | 761 (39.5) | 1* | 205 (10.7) | 1 | 442 (23.1) | 1 |
| Yes | 174 (49.3) | 0.97 [0.86–1.09] | 120 (33.7) | 0.85 [0.73–0.99] | 41 (11.7) | 1.09 [0.79–1.50] | 78 (22.2) | 0.96 [0.78–1.19] | |
| Working hours | ≤7 h | 128 (46.2) | 1* | 97 (35.3) | 1* | 28 (10.3) | 1 | 72 (26.1) | 1** |
| [7–9] | 200 (51.8) | 1.12 [0.96–1.31) | 149 (39.0) | 0.90 [0.74–1.11] | 37 (9.7) | 1.06 [0.66–1.69] | 62 (16.2) | 1.65 [1.20–2.20] | |
| [9–11] | 224 (48.0) | 1.04 [0.89–1.22] | 158 (33.8) | 0.86 [0.72–1.03] | 57 (12.3) | 1.27 [0.86–1.88] | 107 (23.1) | 1.42 [1.07–1.89] | |
| >11 h | 256 (55.8) | 1.21 [1.04–1.40] | 193 (42.5) | 1.09 [0.92–1.28] | 45 (10.0) | 1.04 [0.69–1.57] | 115 (25.4) | 1.56 [1.19–2.07] | |
| Number of washings performed alone |
<5 | 360 (47.1) | 1* | 263 (34.6) | 1* | 84 (11.1) | 1 | 146 (19.3) | 1*** |
| [5–10] | 402 (52.5) | 1.12 [1.00–1.24] | 306 (40.2) | 1.16 [1.02–1.33] | 75 (0.9) | 0.89 [0.66–1.20] | 177 (23.3) | 1.21 [0.99–1.47] | |
| ≥10 | 296 (54.2) | 1.15 [1.03–1.28] | 223 (41.2) | 1.19 [1.04–1.37] | 62 (11.5 | 1.04 [0.76–1.42] | 155 (28.7) | 1.48 [1.22–1.81] | |
| Number of beds made alone | <5 | 463 (50.5) | 1 | 337 (36.8) | 1 | 96 (10.5) | 1 | 177 (19.5) | 1** |
| [5–10] | 278 (49.1) | 0.98 [0.88–1.08] | 217 (38.4) | 1.04 [0.91–1.19] | 59 (10.5) | 0.99 [0.73–1.35] | 137 (24.4) | 1.25 [1.03–1.52] | |
| ≥10 | 321 (52.7) | 1.04 [0.95–1.15] | 247 (41.0) | 1.11 [0.98–1.26] | 74 (12.4) | 1.17 [0.88–1.56] | 161 (26.8) | 1.38 [1.14–1.66] | |
| Use of adjustable-height beds | Sometimes/never | 122 (46.4) | 1 | 98 (38.1) | 1 | 34 (13.1) | 1 | 59 (22.7) | 1 |
| Always/often | 1007 (51.2) | 0.91 [0.79–1.04] | 761 (38.8) | 0.98 [0.83–1.16] | 207 (10.7) | 1.22 [0.87–1.72] | 453 (23.3) | 0.97 [0.77–1.24] | |
| Training in handling in previous 5 years |
No | 488 (48.6) | 1∇ | 368 (36.9) | 1 | 104 (10.4) | 1 | 228 (22.8) | 1 |
| Yes | 672 (52.1) | 1.07 [0.99–1.16] | 513 (40.0) | 1.08 [0.97–1.21] | 142 (11.2) | 1.08 [0.85–1.37] | 292 (23.0) | 1.00 [0.87–1.18] | |
| Seniority in the establishment (years of experience) |
≤1 yr | 267 (48.5) | 0.97 [0.86–1.10] | 183 (33.5) | 0.99 [0.84–1.18] | 140 (7.3) | 0.97 [0.63–1.48] | 111 (20.3) | 0.93 [0.73–1.17] |
| 2–4 yr | 258 (49.7) | 1* | 173 (33.5) | 1*** | 39 (7.6) | 1**** | 113 (21.9) | 1∇ | |
| 5–10 yr | 247 (47.6) | 0.96 [0.85–1.08] | 203 (40.0) | 1.19 [1.01–1.40] | 51 (10.7) | 1.34 [0.90–1.19] | 118 (23.3) | 1.06 [0.85–1.33] | |
| >10 yr | 375 (56.1) | 1.13 [1.01–1.26] | 312 (46.4) | 1.38 [1.19–1.60] | 113 (17.2) | 2.27 [1.61–3.21] | 175 (26.5) | 1.21 [0.98–1.49] | |
| Experience of work with elderly persons |
1–4 yr | 327 (46.7) | 1** | 210 (30.2) | 1** | 43 (6.2) | 1**** | 131 (18.7) | 1* |
| 5–9 yr | 283 (46.8) | 1.00 [0.89–1.12] | 232 (38.9) | 1.28 [1.11–1.50] | 63 (10.6) | 1.72 [1.18–2.49] | 145 (24.4) | 1.30 [1.06–1.61] | |
| 10–19 yr | 352 (54.7) | 1.17 [1.05–1.30] | 272 (42.4) | 1.40 [1.21–1.62] | 79 (12.5) | 2.02 [1.41–2.88] | 161 (25.2) | 1.35 [1.09–1.67] | |
| >20 yr | 198 (57.4) | 1.23 [1.09–1.39] | 167 (48.1) | 1.59 [1.36–1.87] | 61 (18.0) | 2.93 [2.02–4.22] | 83 (24.6) | 1.31 [1.03–1.67] | |
| Ratio of staff to residents | [0–0.42] | 338 (50.6) | 1 | 249 (37.4) | 1 | 72 (10.9) | 1 | 155 (23.4) | 1* |
| [0.42–0.50] | 238 (50.6) | 1.00 [0.89–1.12] | 177 (38.7) | 1.00 [0.87–1.17] | 47 (10.1) | 0.93 [0.61–1.31] | 90 (19.4) | 0.83 [0.66–1.05] | |
| [0.50–0.60] | 263 (50.3) | 0.99 [0.89–1.11] | 218 (42.3) | 1.13 [0.98–1.30] | 64 (12.4) | 0.13 [0.83–1.56] | 142 (27.6) | 0.18 [0.97–1.44] | |
| ≥0.60 | 321 (50.7) | 1.00 [0.90–1.12] | 237 (37.5) | 1.00 [0.87–1.15] | 63 (10.1) | 0.92 [0.67–1.27] | 133 (21.2) | 0.9 [0.74–1.11] | |
| Number of beds | ≤69 | 288 (49.8) | 1 | 223 (39.0) | 1 | 65 (11.5) | 1* | 130 (22.8) | 1 |
| [70–89] | 379 (50.2) | 1.00 [0.90–1.12] | 297 (39.5) | 1.01 [0.87–1.16] | 84 (11.2) | 0.98 [0.72–1.33] | 189 (25.1) | 1.10 [0.90–1.33] | |
| [90–99] | 155 (49.5) | 0.99 [0.86–1.14] | 110 (35.1) | 0.90 [0.75–1.08] | 18 (5.9) | 0.51 [0.31–0.85] | 69 (22.5) | 0.98 [0.76–1.27] | |
| ≥100 | 338 (52.2) | 1.05 [0.94–1.17] | 251 (38.8) | 0.99 [0.87–1.15] | 79 (12.3) | 1.07 [0.79–1.46] | 132 (20.6) | 0.90 [0.73–1.11] | |
| Type of home | Private | 239 (48.6) | 1.0 | 202 (41.4) | 1 | 48 (9.9) | 1 | 140 (28.7) | 1** |
| Non-profit | 365 (50.4) | 1.04 [0.92–1.17] | 276 (38.1) | 0.92 [0.79–1.06] | 66 (9.2) | 0.93 [0.65–1.33] | 170 (23.7) | 0.82 [0.68–0.99] | |
| Public-sector | 473 (52.5) | 1.08 [0.97–1.21] | 346 (38.6) | 0.93 [0.81–1.07] | 108 (12.1) | 1.22 [0.89–1.69] | 173 (19.5) | 0.68 [0.56–0.82] | |
| Other | 83 (46.9) | 0.96 [0.81–1.16] | 57 (32.9) | 0.79 [0.63–1.00] | 24 (13.8) | 1.39 [0.88–2.20] | 37 (21.1) | 0.74 [0.53–1.01] | |
| Over-commitment | No | 553 (42.6) | 1**** | 40 (31.2) | 1**** | 109 (8.5) | 1**** | 225 (17.5) | 1**** |
| Yes | 591 (61.2) | 1.43 [1.32–1.55] | 470 (48.5) | 1.55 [1.40–1.72] | 132 (13.8) | 1.61 [1.27–1.05] | 289 (30.3) | 1.73 [1.48–2.01] | |
| Effort/reward imbalance | No | 993 (48.3) | 1**** | 753 (36.8) | 1**** | 205 (10.1) | 1*** | 430 (21.1) | 1**** |
| Yes | 155 (71.8) | 1.48 [1.35–1.63] | 122 (57.0) | 1.55 [1.36–1.76] | 39 (18.4) | 1.82 [1.33–2.49] | 84 (39.4) | 1.87 [1.55–2.25] | |
Prevalence Ratio (PR), Confidence Interval (CI) ∇p<0.1. p significant: *p<0.05;** p<0.01; *** p<0.001;**** p<10−4. Residents’ mean dependence level does not correlate significantly with ULNMD at whatever location.