TABLE 1.
DHS Surveys Used in the Analysis and the Most Recent Under-5 Mortality by Wealth in Each Survey
| Country | Survey Year | No. of Mothers | No. of Under-5 Children at Time of Survey | Mortality by Wealth During the 5-y Period Preceding the Survey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least Poor (95% CI) | Middle (95% CI) | Poorest (95% CI) | ||||
| Multiple surveys | ||||||
| Armenia | 2005 | 6566 | 1430 | 21.9 (11.3 to 42.2) | 25.2 (17.3 to 41.7) | 36.3 (22.7 to 57.9) |
| Armenia | 2010 | 5922 | 1473 | 16.9 (7.9 to 36) | 13.6 (6.1 to 30.2) | 24.7 (12.6 to 48) |
| Bangladesh | 2004 | 11 440 | 6908 | 56.7 (46.9 to 68.4) | 80.0 (68.6 to 93.2) | 89.0 (78.2 to 101.1) |
| Bangladesh | 2007 | 10 996 | 6150 | 48.0 (38.0 to 60.5) | 73.4 (61.5 to 87.4) | 67.4 (57.7 to 78.5) |
| Bangladesh | 2011 | 17 842 | 8753 | 41.1 (33.7 to 50.0) | 50.0 (42.1 to 59.4) | 58.0 (50.2 to 66.8) |
| Bolivia | 2003 | 17 654 | 10 448 | 35.3 (26.1 to 47.6) | 64.9 (56.6 to 74.3) | 84.5 (76.7 to 93.1) |
| Bolivia | 2008 | 16 939 | 8605 | 32.9 (24.9 to 43.5) | 34.4 (27.9 to 42.4) | 71.1 (63.3 to 79.8) |
| Burkina Faso | 2003 | 12 477 | 10 645 | 119.2 (105.2 to 134.9) | 162.9 (149.1 to 177.9) | 174.4 (160.4 to 189.4) |
| Burkina Faso | 2010 | 17 087 | 15 045 | 73.1 (63 to 84.6) | 114.1 (103.9 to 125.4) | 137.1 (126.8 to 148.1) |
| Cambodia | 2005 | 16 823 | 8290 | 34.8 (26.6 to 45.3) | 84.3 (72.7 to 97.7) | 102.5 (92.0 to 114.1) |
| Cambodia | 2010 | 18 754 | 8232 | 26.5 (19.6 to 35.7) | 51.4 (42.9 to 61.4) | 72.2 (63.6 to 81.8) |
| Cameroon | 2004 | 10 656 | 8125 | 101.6 (86.3 to 119.4) | 152.6 (117.2 to 197.6) | 150.1 (135.2 to 166.5) |
| Cameroon | 2011 | 15 426 | 11 732 | 78.2 (65.9 to 92.6) | 92.9 (81.7 to 105.5) | 146.1 (134 to 159.3) |
| Colombia | 2004 | 41 344 | 14 621 | 15.4 (11.3 to 20.9) | 20.6 (16.8 to 25.3) | 31.6 (27.5 to 36.4) |
| Colombia | 2009 | 53 521 | 17 756 | 14.6 (11.2 to 19.1) | 15.4 (12.3 to 19.2) | 24.5 (21 to 28.7) |
| Congo | 2005 | 7051 | 4835 | 69.1 (54.3 to 87.9) | 96.1 (78.8 to 116.9) | 123.8 (108 to 141.7) |
| Congo | 2011 | 10 819 | 9329 | 63.1 (52.5 to 75.7) | 60.6 (51.7 to 71) | 63.7 (54.9 to 73.9) |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 2005 | 9686 | 3644 | 100.2 (79.8 to 125.4) | 120.9 (99.7 to 146.3) | 135.8 (116.5 to 157.8) |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 2011 | 10 060 | 7776 | 97.7 (80.7 to 118) | 109 (96.4 to 123.2) | 110.2 (98.1 to 123.8) |
| Egypt | 2005 | 19 474 | 13 851 | 31 (25.8 to 37.3) | 35.3 (30.2 to 41.2) | 48.9 (42.9 to 55.7) |
| Egypt | 2008 | 16 527 | 10 872 | 20.5 (15.9 to 26.5) | 25.9 (21 to 32) | 35.3 (29.7 to 41.9) |
| Ethiopia | 2005 | 14 070 | 9861 | 59.9 (48 to 74.7) | 120.7 (108.6 to 134) | 111.3 (100.3 to 123.4) |
| Ethiopia | 2011 | 16 515 | 11 654 | 75.6 (60.2 to 94.8) | 88.6 (74.4 to 105.2) | 106.3 (89.1 to 126.6) |
| Ghana | 2003 | 5691 | 3844 | 92.8 (67.6 to 126.8) | 103.9 (86 to 125.3) | 105 (88.1 to 124.9) |
| Ghana | 2008 | 4916 | 2992 | 68.5 (50.4 to 92.7) | 84 (64.9 to 108.4) | 80.6 (64.9 to 99.9) |
| Haiti | 2005 | 10 757 | 6015 | 51.3 (39.5 to 66.4) | 81.5 (69.1 to 95.9) | 98.3 (86.2 to 112) |
| Haiti | 2012 | 14 287 | 7247 | 64.6 (50.6 to 82.1) | 99.9 (87.3 to 114.1) | 77.5 (67.2 to 89.3) |
| Honduras | 2005 | 19 948 | 10 800 | 13.6 (9.5 to 19.4) | 23.3 (18.5 to 29.3) | 44.2 (37.9 to 51.6) |
| Honduras | 2011 | 22 757 | 10 888 | 28.7 (22.6 to 36.4) | 28.9 (22.8 to 36.8) | 33.9 (28.6 to 40.1) |
| Indonesia | 2002 | 29 483 | 16 206 | 28.6 (23.9 to 34.3) | 46.7 (40.6 to 53.7) | 68.7 (61.7 to 76.5) |
| Indonesia | 2007 | 32 895 | 18 645 | 36.2 (29.6 to 44.2) | 38.9 (33.7 to 44.8) | 62.7 (56.1 to 70) |
| Indonesia | 2012 | 45 607 | 18 021 | 24.8 (20.6 to 29.9) | 34.7 (29.7 to 40.4) | 55.4 (49.9 to 61.5) |
| Jordan | 2007 | 10 876 | 10 426 | 23.3 (17.5 to 31.1) | 15.6 (11.8 to 20.6) | 21.5 (17.3 to 26.6) |
| Jordan | 2009 | 10 109 | 9650 | 25.6 (19.8 to 33.1) | 25.3 (20.1 to 31.7) | 30.6 (24.7 to 37.9) |
| Kenya | 2003 | 8195 | 5949 | 93.1 (78 to 111) | 90.6 (75.8 to 108.1) | 127.4 (99.7 to 162.1) |
| Kenya | 2008 | 8444 | 6079 | 63.9 (51.9 to 78.5) | 73.3 (60.7 to 88.5) | 72.5 (62.3 to 84.4) |
| Lesotho | 2004 | 7095 | 3697 | 108.6 (87.4 to 134.5) | 116 (97.9 to 137.2) | 103.6 (88.7 to 120.8) |
| Lesotho | 2009 | 7624 | 3999 | 93.9 (74.7 to 117.7) | 125.4 (99.4 to 157.6) | 123.3 (106.8 to 142.2) |
| Madagascar | 2003 | 7949 | 5415 | 54.1 (40.2 to 72.6) | 61.8 (49.4 to 77.1) | 88.8 (77.1 to 102.3) |
| Madagascar | 2008 | 17 375 | 12 448 | 54.2 (44.9 to 65.4) | 73.5 (57.7 to 93.3) | 92.6 (62.9 to 135.2) |
| Malawi | 2004 | 11 698 | 10 915 | 99 (87.6 to 112) | 112.4 (101.6 to 124.3) | 139.2 (126.6 to 153) |
| Malawi | 2010 | 23 020 | 19 967 | 93.7 (84.6 to 103.8) | 104.9 (96.4 to 114.2) | 101.3 (93.1 to 110.2) |
| Mozambique | 2003 | 12 418 | 10 326 | 103.5 (90.8 to 117.9) | 153.7 (140.3 to 168.3) | 149 (136.2 to 162.8) |
| Mozambique | 2011 | 13 745 | 11 102 | 80.8 (69.2 to 94.2) | 90.3 (75.8 to 107.3) | 91.5 (82.2 to 101.9) |
| Nepal | 2006 | 10 793 | 5783 | 40.3 (30.8 to 52.7) | 67.7 (55.6 to 82.5) | 68.4 (58.8 to 79.7) |
| Nepal | 2011 | 12 674 | 5306 | 29.4 (20.8 to 41.4) | 48.9 (39.1 to 61.1) | 60.8 (51.7 to 71.3) |
| Nigeria | 2003 | 7620 | 6029 | 110.3 (90.9 to 133.6) | 186 (164.9 to 209.5) | 228.1 (207.3 to 250.6) |
| Nigeria | 2008 | 33 385 | 28 653 | 114.3 (82.4 to 157.4) | 150.9 (142.1 to 160.2) | 190.5 (159.2 to 227.1) |
| Philippines | 2003 | 13 633 | 7145 | 20.5 (14.2 to 29.6) | 30.7 (23.8 to 39.4) | 57.5 (48.9 to 67.6) |
| Philippines | 2008 | 13 594 | 6572 | 19.8 (11.6 to 33.8) | 27.3 (20.8 to 35.7) | 44.2 (35.9 to 54.3) |
| Rwanda | 2005 | 11 321 | 8649 | 100.4 (87.9 to 114.6) | 138.6 (124.2 to 154.4) | 151.9 (134.8 to 170.9) |
| Rwanda | 2010 | 13 671 | 9002 | 58.2 (48.7 to 69.6) | 65.9 (56.6 to 76.6) | 69.6 (60.8 to 79.5) |
| Senegal | 2005 | 14 602 | 10 947 | 57.8 (47.9 to 69.7) | 90.8 (80.5 to 102.3) | 124.1 (112.5 to 136.8) |
| Senegal | 2010 | 15 688 | 12 337 | 46.4 (38.8 to 55.4) | 66.9 (58.1 to 77) | 88 (74.1 to 104.4) |
| Tanzania | 2004 | 10 329 | 8564 | 77.6 (65.1 to 92.4) | 107.2 (94.9 to 121) | 110.6 (98.9 to 123.5) |
| Tanzania | 2009 | 10 139 | 8023 | 74.8 (63 to 88.7) | 72.8 (62.9 to 84.2) | 71.3 (61.5 to 82.5) |
| Uganda | 2006 | 8531 | 8369 | 93.1 (79.2 to 109.1) | 112.4 (100 to 126.2) | 121.1 (109.2 to 134.2) |
| Uganda | 2011 | 8674 | 7879 | 68.4 (56.1 to 83.2) | 84.3 (72.2 to 98.4) | 84.3 (74.1 to 95.8) |
| Zimbabwe | 2005 | 8907 | 5247 | 70.7 (56 to 89) | 80.4 (67.2 to 96.2) | 93.6 (80.5 to 108.8) |
| Zimbabwe | 2010 | 9171 | 5563 | 64.9 (50.1 to 83.9) | 93.5 (79.4 to 110) | 79.1 (66.7 to 93.8) |
| Single surveys | ||||||
| Albania | 2008 | 7584 | 1616 | 9.1 (3.4 to 24.2) | 26.4 (15.7 to 44.2) | 20 (11.4 to 34.9) |
| Azerbaijan | 2006 | 8444 | 2297 | 33.9 (20.7 to 55.3) | 50.3 (36 to 69.9) | 59 (44.2 to 78.5) |
| Benin | 2006 | 17 794 | 16 075 | 80.8 (71.7 to 90.9) | 116.8 (107.1 to 127.4) | 122.4 (112.3 to 133.4) |
| Burundi | 2010 | 9389 | 7742 | 54.8 (44.8 to 67) | 81.7 (70.2 to 95) | 99.8 (86.1 to 115.5) |
| Chad | 2004 | 6085 | 5635 | 153 (133.4 to 175.2) | 167.1 (148.4 to 187.9) | 157.9 (139.1 to 179.1) |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2007 | 9995 | 8994 | 87.5 (74.5 to 102.6) | 142.2 (127.8 to 158.1) | 165.5 (151.6 to 180.6) |
| Dominican Republic | 2007 | 27 195 | 11 149 | 23.6 (17.5 to 31.8) | 33.1 (26.9 to 40.8) | 41.5 (36.1 to 47.6) |
| Gabon | 2012 | 8422 | 6067 | 58.5 (44.9 to 75.9) | 68.6 (55.7 to 84.4) | 76 (63.1 to 91.4) |
| Guinea | 2005 | 7954 | 6364 | 119.5 (101 to 141.3) | 149.2 (132.1 to 168.2) | 160.9 (143.1 to 180.8) |
| Guyana | 2009 | 4996 | 2178 | 35.1 (21.3 to 57.5) | 32.8 (21 to 51) | 39.6 (28.6 to 54.5) |
| India | 2005 | 124 385 | 51 555 | 30.6 (27.6 to 34.1) | 50.5 (47 to 54.2) | 86.4 (82.4 to 90.6) |
| Liberia | 2006 | 7092 | 5799 | 102.4 (85.4 to 122.6) | 103.6 (90.2 to 119) | 97.2 (83.5 to 113) |
| Maldives | 2009 | 7131 | 3817 | 17.5 (11.3 to 27) | 12.6 (7.7 to 20.6) | 20.1 (11.4 to 35.3) |
| Mali | 2006 | 14 583 | 14 238 | 115.5 (103.6 to 128.7) | 165 (153 to 177.8) | 191.2 (178.4 to 204.9) |
| Moldova | 2005 | 7440 | 1552 | 11.6 (4.8 to 7.8) | 8.8 (3.3 to 23.4) | 16.7 (9 to 30.8) |
| Morocco | 2003 | 16 798 | 6180 | 25.9 (18.8 to 35.7) | 40.1 (30.7 to 52.4) | 63.2 (54.1 to 73.7) |
| Namibia | 2006 | 9804 | 5168 | 63.5 (50 to 80.4) | 75 (61.2 to 91.8) | 76.1 (63.9 to 90.5) |
| Niger | 2006 | 9223 | 9193 | 98.1 (84.4 to 113.9) | 165 (149.2 to 182.2) | 152.8 (138.3 to 168.8) |
| Pakistan | 2006 | 10 023 | 9177 | 61.5 (52.3 to 72.2) | 78.8 (68.7 to 90.2) | 117.9 (105.9 to 131.3) |
| Sierra Leone | 2008 | 7374 | 5631 | 134.5 (114.8 to 157.4) | 133.6 (115.6 to 154.1) | 122.8 (107.5 to 140.1) |
| Swaziland | 2006 | 4987 | 2812 | 118.8 (95.9 to 146.8) | 118.1 (96.5 to 144.2) | 104.6 (87 to 125.6) |
| Timor | 2009 | 13 137 | 9806 | 40.5 (33.2 to 49.3) | 75.2 (63.9 to 88.3) | 67.3 (58.6 to 77.2) |
| Turkey | 2003 | 8075 | 4533 | 18.9 (12.1 to 29.7) | 34.4 (24.9 to 47.4) | 51.2 (42.3 to 62) |
| Ukraine | 2007 | 6841 | 1221 | 8.9 (2.9 to 27.4) | 16.2 (7.3 to 35.8) | 26.7 (15.2 to 46.7) |
| Zambia | 2007 | 7146 | 6401 | 119.7 (99.6 to 143.5) | 105.5 (92.1 to 120.7) | 98.4 (86.1 to 112.3) |