Table 3.
ANOVA results and mean ±SEM values for vigilance parameters in the summarized first 2 h
| Two-way ANOVA | Mean ± SEM | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment effect | Rebound effect | Treatment x Rebound | |||||||||
| F 1,23 | p | F 1,23 | p | F 1,24 | p | HC-VEH | RD-VEH | HC-SSRI | RD-SSRI | ||
| Total time spent in stage | WAKE | 0.97 | 0.3337 | 2.00 | 0.1703 | 0.89 | 0.3529 | 2063.0 ± 208.2 | 2991.0 ± 337.2 | 2823.0 ± 444.4 | 3006.0 ± 473.7 |
| NREM sleep | 0.0008 | 0.9772 | 11.08 | 0.0029 | 1.14 | 0.2963 | 4325.0 ± 152.8 | 2921.0 ± 195.7 * | 3975.0 ± 430.1 | 3253.0 ± 367.8 | |
| REM sleep | 9.18 | 0.0066 | 15.85 | 0.0007 | 0.10 | 0.7502 | 680.8 ± 58.8 | 1470.0 ± 160.9 * | 401.7 ± 69.0 | 940.6 ± 236.3 | |
| SLEEP | 0.97 | 0.3335 | 2.00 | 0.1706 | 0.89 | 0.3527 | 5136.6 ± 208.2 | 4209.1 ± 337.2 | 4376.5 ± 444.8 | 4193.7 ± 473.7 | |
| Number of stage episodes | WAKE | 1.45 | 0.2393 | 2.03 | 0.1673 | 0.08 | 0.7757 | 44.5 ± 5.3 | 39.2 ± 4.5 | 40.2 ± 3.8 | 32.4 ± 4.5 |
| NREM sleep | 0.96 | 0.3354 | 0.08 | 0.7717 | <0.0001 | 0.9924 | 71.5 ± 16.5 | 74.8 ± 9.5 | 60.7 ± 6.1 | 63.8 ± 11.2 | |
| REM sleep | 7.56 | 0.0117 | 25.22 | <0.0001 | 0.71 | 0.4071 | 11.4 ± 0.7 | 16.1 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 13.43 ± 2.0 ## | |
| SLEEP | 0.63 | 0.4330 | 1.71 | 0.2035 | 0.26 | 0.6119 | 71.5 ± 17.3 | 53.1 ± 7.5 | 58.2 ± 6.2 | 50.2 ± 7.9 | |
| Average duration of stage episodes | WAKE | 0.75 | 0.3925 | 2.84 | 0.1024 | 0.15 | 0.7013 | 34.6 ± 6.0 | 64.5 ± 14.8 | 52.6 ± 12.2 | 71.4 ± 18.8 |
| NREM sleep | 0.08 | 0.7756 | 5.74 | 0.0250 | 0.65 | 0.4284 | 74.27 ± 14.0 | 43.5 ± 7.1 | 69.3 ± 11.0 | 54.0 ± 4.7 | |
| REM sleep | 0.19 | 0.6664 | 13.49 | 0.0015 | 0.04 | 0.8299 | 41.6 ± 6.8 | 25.1 ± 4.1 | 44.8 ± 4.0 | 26.2 ± 4.2 # | |
| SLEEP | 0.05 | 0.8139 | 0.24 | 0.6229 | 0.09 | 0.7580 | 88.8 ± 16.4 | 91.8 ± 18.3 | 79.9 ± 12.2 | 93.0 ± 16.91 | |
| Sleep fragmentation | 0.64 | 0.4308 | 1.72 | 0.2022 | 0.28 | 0.5997 | 71.0 ± 17.4 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | 57.5 ± 6.2 | 49.7 ± 7.8 | |
| REM sleep latency | 5.05 | 0.0359 | 16.53 | 0.0006 | 0.10 | 0.7519 | 1285.6 ± 171.6 | 280.0 ± 57.1 * | 2755.4 ± 480.7 | 1187.4 ± 410.7 # | |
| Sleep (SWS-1) latency | 0.06 | 0.7992 | 0.38 | 0.5385 | 2.54 | 0.1244 | 820.7 ± 189.5 | 1321.0 ± 229.3 | 1122 ± 257.1 | 903.4 ± 206.9 | |
| First REM item | 0.30 | 0.5848 | 0.15 | 0.7005 | 0.50 | 0.4860 | 78.4 ± 17.2 | 102.0 ± 24.5 | 81.7 ± 20.5 | 74.8 ± 20.4 | |
Significant effects of two-way ANOVA statistics are highlighted in bold.
* p < 0.05 indicates significant Tukey’s post hoc comparisons compared to the HC-VEH group; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 represent significant Tukey’s post hoc comparisons compared to the HC-SSRI group; Data represent mean ± SEM values of 6–7 animals.
Mean values indicate time (seconds) in the cases of total time spent in stages, average duration of stages, REM sleep latency (the time elapsed from the start of sleep until the first occurrence of REM sleep), sleep (SWS-1) latency (the time elapsed between light onset and the first occurrence of SWS-1) and first REM item (the length of the first uninterrupted REM and IS sleep period). Means are numbers in the cases of number of stage episodes (at least 4 sec long) and sleep fragmentation (the sum of the number of AW and PW episodes that disconnected any sleep periods).
Groups: home cage plus chronic vehicle treatment (HC-VEH); home cage plus chronic escitalopram treatment (HC-SSRI); REM sleep deprivation plus chronic vehicle treatment (RD-VEH); REM sleep deprivation plus chronic escitalopram treatment (RD-SSRI).