Table 3.
Characteristics of subgroups of the complete cohort defined according to prebaseline HbA1c changes during follow-up
| Characteristic | Study Subgroups according to Glycemic Control | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1: Fair Both Times | 2: Postbaseline Improved over Prebaseline | 3: Poor or Very Poor Both Times | P Value for Subgroup 2 versus Subgroup 3 | |
| Patients (n) | 40 | 92 | 139 | – |
| Women | 14 (35.0) | 40 (43.5) | 66 (47.5) | 0.55 |
| Age (yr) | 41 (36, 49) | 36 (30, 42) | 38 (33, 43) | 0.05 |
| Diabetes duration (yr) | 29 (22, 34) | 23 (17, 30) | 25 (19, 31) | 0.36 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 600 (396, 1018) | 687 (488, 1225) | 702(434, 1356) | 0.99 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.38) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.30) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.28) | 0.93 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 82 (57, 99) | 90 (66, 108) | 82 (62, 112) | 0.53 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130 (120, 142) | 133 (120, 142) | 129 (119, 141) | 0.44 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 (70, 82) | 80 (71, 88) | 78 (70, 83) | 0.26 |
| Treatment with ACEI or ARB | 32 (80.0) | 71 (77.2) | 86 (61.9) | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 176 (157, 211) | 206 (176, 233) | 207 (187, 240) | 0.28 |
| Statin treatment | 8 (20.0) | 21 (22.8) | 29 (20.9) | 0.72 |
| Smoking (ever) | 22 (55.0) | 48 (52.2) | 80 (57.5) | 0.42 |
| Smoking (present) | 8 (20.0) | 23 (25.0) | 38 (27.3) | 0.69 |
| Urinary NGAL/creatinine (ng/mg) | 8.7 (4.4, 28.2) | 13.1 (7.7, 35.8) | 16.7 (6.0, 44.9) | 0.94 |
| Serum CRP (mg/L) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.23) | 0.16 (0.07, 0.40) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.34) | 0.66 |
| Prebaseline HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (7.0, 7.7) | 10.0 (9.1, 10.7) | 9.3 (8.8, 10.5) | 0.03 |
| Postbaseline HbA1c (%) | 7.2 (6.8, 7.7) | 8.0 (7.7, 8.9) | 9.7 (8.8, 10.5) | <0.001 |
Unless otherwise noted, values are expressed as number (percentage) or median (first, third quartiles). ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin; CRP, C-reactive protein.