Table 3.

Detection of Mycobacterium spp. and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in shower heads and tubes by culture and qPCR (ND, not determined; H represents a shower head being sampled from the same shower unit; a, b represent different showers from the same house; and numbers represent different locations). MGIT, mycobacterial growth indicator tubes.

Sample Location/Number	Microscopy and Culture		qPCR
	Direct Counts and Standard Deviation. (Cells L−1)	Mycobacterial Culture (MGIT)	Mycobacterium spp. (CE L−1)	Map IS900 (CE L−1)	Map F57 (CE L−1)
Cumbria-1	ND	ND	104–105	0	0
Cumbria-2H	ND	-	106–107	0	0
Cumbria-2	ND	-	106–107	0	0
Cumbria-3	ND	-	103–104	0	0
Cumbria-4	ND	-	102–103	0	0
Cumbria-5	ND	ND	0	0	0
Cumbria-6	ND	ND	0	0	0
Lancashire-1	ND	ND	103–104	0	0
Lancashire-2	ND	ND	107–108	1–10	0
Lancashire-3	ND	-	107–108	0	0
Lancashire-4	7.95 × 108 (±4.02 × 108)	-	105–106	0	0
Lancashire-5	ND	-	106–107	0	0
Lancashire-6	ND	ND	108–109	0	0
Lancashire-7	ND	+	106–107	0	0
Lancashire-8	ND	-	103–104	0	0
Lancashire-9	1.91 × 109 (±6.07 × 108)	-	106–107	0	0
Lancashire-10	1.63 × 109 (±5.05 × 108)	+	107–108	0	0
Merseyside -1	ND	-	108–109	103–104	101–102
Merseyside-2	ND	-	107–108	102–103	102–103
Merseyside-3	ND	-	107–108	0	0
West Sussex-1aH	ND	ND	107–108	0	0
West Sussex-1a	ND	ND	106–107	0	0
West Sussex-1bH	ND	-	106–107	0	0
West Sussex-1b	ND	+	107–108	0	0
West Sussex-2a	1.64 × 109 (±7.39 × 108)	-	109–101°	0	0
West Sussex-2b	2.25 × 109 (±1.02 × 109)	-	104–105	0	0
West Sussex-3aH	ND	-	104–105	0	0
West Sussex-3a	ND	-	105–106	0	0
West Sussex-3b	ND	+	105–106	0	0
West Sussex-4H	ND	-	104–105	0	0