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. 2008 Jan;63(1):S15–S24. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.1.S15

Table 7.

Residence-Specific Logistic Regression Models Predicting Underemployment Among Adults Aged 50+.

Metropolitan
Nonmetropolitan
Model I
Model II
Model I
Model II
Independent Variable b OR SE b OR SE b OR SE b OR SE
Age
    50–54 (ref.)
    55–59 0.028 1.03 0.03 0.037 1.04 0.04 0.140* 1.15 0.07 0.150* 1.01 0.07
    60–64 0.168*** 1.18 0.04 0.150*** 1.16 0.04 0.294*** 1.34 0.08 0.243** 1.09 0.08
    65–69 0.325*** 1.38 0.04 0.237*** 1.27 0.06 0.381*** 1.46 0.10 0.277** 1.07 0.10
    70–74 0.412*** 1.51 0.06 0.324*** 1.38 0.08 0.559*** 1.75 0.13 0.336* 1.07 0.14
    75+ 0.565*** 1.76 0.08 0.467*** 1.60 0.09 0.469*** 1.60 0.14 0.125 0.84 0.15
Gender (1 = male) −0.251*** 0.78 0.03 −0.164*** 0.85 0.03 −0.261*** 0.77 0.05 −0.216*** 0.72 0.06
Education
    Less than high school (ref.)
    High school −0.498*** 0.61 0.05 −0.414*** 0.57 0.08
    Some college −0.734*** 0.48 0.06 −0.574*** 0.47 0.10
    College or more −1.003*** 0.37 0.05 −1.081*** 0.28 0.09
Marital status
    Married (ref.)
    Widowed 0.315*** 1.37 0.06 0.338** 1.13 0.11
    Other 0.495*** 1.64 0.03 0.405*** 1.32 0.07
Race/ethnicity
    White (ref.)
    Black 0.330*** 1.39 0.05 0.571*** 1.44 0.11
    Hispanic 0.328*** 1.39 0.06 0.281 0.99 0.15
    Other 0.289*** 1.34 0.07 0.121 0.81 0.17
Nativity
    Native born (ref.)
    Foreign born, citizen −0.020 0.98 0.06 −0.057 0.61 0.22
    Foreign born, noncitizen 0.370*** 1.45 0.06 0.015 0.65 0.23
Industry
    Services (ref.)
    Extractive 0.473*** 1.61 0.11 0.330*** 1.14 0.10
    Manufacturing −0.048 0.95 0.04 −0.200* 0.70 0.08
    Transportation/utilities/construction −0.237*** 0.79 0.06 −0.289* 0.59 0.12
    Wholesale/retail trade 0.045 1.05 0.04 −0.092 0.77 0.08
    Finance, insurance, and real estate −0.434*** 0.65 0.07 −0.263 0.58 0.14
Labor union (1 = yes) −1.197*** 0.30 0.13 −1.500*** 0.12 0.33
Region
    Northeast (ref.)
    Midwest 0.170*** 1.19 0.05 −0.055 0.79 0.09
    South −0.006 0.99 0.04 −0.277** 0.63 0.10
    West 0.147** 1.16 0.05 0.007 0.81 0.11
Intercept −1.935*** 0.03 −1.568*** 0.06 −1.713*** 0.05 −1.105*** 0.12
−2LL 32,459 31,031 8,999 8,664
Pseudo R2 0.076 0.071 0.009 0.061

Notes: Metro N = 38,171; nonmetro N = 12,155. OR = odds ratio. SE = standard error.

Source: March Current Population Surveys, 2003–2005.

*p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001.

coefficient is significantly different (p <.05) from the corresponding coefficient in the metro model.