Table 4.
Summary of translation, cultural adaptation and validation studies of the ASES
| Number of subjects (age range, years) | Language/validation study | Time interval between the first and the second measurement | Reproducibility ICC (95% Cl) | Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) | Convergent validity ASES and other questionnaire | Convergent validity ASES and SF-36 PCS | Convergent validity ASES and SF-36 MCS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piitulainen K et al. present data | n = 105 | Finnish | 2 weeks | 0.83 (0.70 to 0.90), n = 55 | 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) | SST | ||
| r = 0.73 | r = 0.57 | r = 0.21 | ||||||
| (18-88) | ||||||||
| 0.79 (0.69 to 0.86), n = 105 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ns | |||||
| Celik D et al. [6] | n = 63 | Turkish | 3-7 days | 0.94 | 0.88 | SPADI | ||
| (18–74) | ||||||||
| r = – 0.82 | r = 0.02 | r = 0.53 | ||||||
| p < 0.001 | p = 0.82 | p < 0.000 | ||||||
| Yahia A et al. [12] | n = 80 | Arabic | 1-3 days n = 30 | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.76 | SPADI | - | - |
| (20-80) | r = –0.80 | |||||||
| p < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Padua R et al. 2010 | n = 50 | Italian | 7 days n = 20 | 0.91 | 0.85 | DASH | ||
| (33-78) | r = –0.92 | r = 0.48 | r = –0.20 | |||||
| p < 0.02 | p < 0.01 | ns | ||||||
| OSQ | ||||||||
| r = 0.78 | ||||||||
| p < 0.02 | ||||||||
| Goldhahn J et al. [7] | n = 118 | German | 7 days | 0.93 (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.96 | SPADI | ||
| r = 0.92 | r = 0.64 | Overall SF-36 | ||||||
| (33 to 89) | ||||||||
| DASH | r = 0.66 | |||||||
| r = 0.84 | ||||||||
| Kocher et al. [9] | n = 1066 | Validation study English | 4 weeks | 0.94 (n = 56) age range 15-78 years | 0.61 instability 0.64 rotator cuff disease 0.62 arthritis | - | SF-12 | SF-12 |
| r = 0.32-0.58 | r = –0.09-0.11 | |||||||
| (13-95) | ||||||||
| p < 0.001-0.002 | p = 0.27-0.67 | |||||||
| Michener et al. [10] | n = 63 | Validation study English | 24 to 72 hours, and after 3 to 4 weeks | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.91) | 0.86 | Penn Score | ||
| (20-81) | ||||||||
| r = 0.78 | r = 0.40 | r = 0.15 | ||||||
| p < 0.01 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.25 | ||||||
ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, ICC intra-class correlation coefficient, Cl Confidence interval, SST, Simple Shoulder Test, SPADI Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, DASH Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, OSQ Oxford Shoulder Questionnaire, Penn Score the University of Pennsylvania Shoulder Score, SF-36 Short Form 36 Health Survey, PCS Physical Component Summary, MCS Mental Component Summary, SF-12 Short Form 12 Health Survey.