Table 5.

Results of linear mixed-effect models for personal exposure to odorant-related VOCs.

Variable	Group/unit	1,4-DCB		Chloroform		d-Limonene		α-Pinene		β-Pinene
		β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Intercept		3.50	0.78	1.34	0.47	3.62	0.39	2.42	0.25	1.57	0.44
Visit	1	0.33	0.14	0.15	0.09	0.10	0.15	0.18	0.07	0.08	0.10
	2	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
City	Los Angeles	1.10	0.30	0.45	0.16	0.82	0.19	0.71	0.13	1.16	0.15
	Elizabeth	0.81	0.31	−0.06	0.17	1.12	0.22	0.59	0.14	1.06	0.17
	Houston	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Air conditioning	No	0.54	0.23					0.51	0.10	−0.20	0.13
Ambient relative humidity	%			0.010	0.005					0.011	0.005
Furniture refinisher in neighborhood	No	1.30	0.50
Waxing or polishing furniture	No	0.81	033
Keeping dogs or cats	No							0.15	0.10	0.29	0.11
Log-transformed AER	h-¹			0.41	0.06	0.33	0.08	0.40	0.05	0.31	0.07
Not using fresheners or candles	No									0.32	0.18
Number of rooms		0.14	0.07	0.12	0.04	0.13	0.04	0.10	0.03
Open doors or windows	No	0.42	0.20							0.22	0.12
Other family members took showers	No			0.39	0.15	0.80	0.18	0.41	0.12	0.35	0.14
Outdoor swimming pool or hot tub	No							0.31	0.13
Using heating at	<64°F	0.76	0.26
	64 to 70 °F	−0.03	0.24
	>70°F	Reference
Ownership of the house	No			0.30	0.14
Pets indoors	No			0.32	0.12
Renovation in the past year	No					0.45	0.15
Restaurants or bakery in neighborhood	No	0.63	0.27
Unemployed	No					0.35	0.16
Using a clothes washer	No	0.53	0.19
Using dishwashers	No			0.25	0.13
Using other heaters (non-CHS)	No					0.55	0.27

n = 393 to 433 depending on models.

AER, air exchange rate; CHS, central heating system; 1,4-DCB, 1,4-dichlorobenzene.

For dichotomous variables, the reference group is “Yes”.

p-Value < 0.05 shown in bold type.