Table 2.
Bacterial proteins relevant in ubiquitin-mediated response to Salmonella infection.
| Bacterial protein | Activity | Substrates | Physiological effect | Host cell type studied | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SseL | Deubiquitinase | Ubiquitinated aggregates, ALIS | Delayed cytotoxic effect in macrophages, prevention of autophagy | J774 and RAW264.7 macrophages, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, HeLa | (33–35) |
| AvrA | Deubiquitinase | IκBα, β-catenin | Inhibition of NF-κB pathway | In vivo (mouse), HCT116, HEK293, HeLa | (43) |
| SopA | E3 ligase | – | – | (46) | |
| SspH2 | E3 ligase | Nod1 | Modulates innate immunity in host cells by increasing the Nod1-mediated IL-8 secretion | HeLa and HEK293T | (48) |
| SspH1 | E3 ligase | PKN1 | Attenuates androgen receptor signaling | HEK293 | (52) |
| Slrp | E3 ligase | Trx | Triggers cell death | HeLa | (54) |