a, Top: response of an Mi1 neuron to a white bar moving rightwards, upwards, leftwards and downwards at 100° s−1 on a dark background. Bottom: same as top for a Tm3 neuron. b, Top: response of a Tm1 neuron to a black bar moving rightwards, upwards, leftwards and downwards at 100° s−1 on a light background. Bottom: same as top for a Tm2 neuron. c, Average amplitude of the voltage response as a function of angle (0°, 90°, 180° and 270°) for Mi1 (n =2), Tm3 (n =2), Tm1 (n =2) and Tm2 (n =3) for a bar moving at 100° s−1 (solid lines) and 400° s−1 (dashed lines). The response amplitude was independent of the direction of motion in all cases.