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Chromosomal locations of MAPKKK genes in grapevine genome. Scale represents chromosomal distance. Chromosomes 1–19 (Chr1-19) are depicted as gray bars. VviMAPKKK genes are indicated by vertical black lines. Chromosome 9, in which no VviMAPKKK gene was located, is not shown. The blue dotted lines connecting VviMAPKKK genes represent duplicate chromosomal segments.
