Table 2.
Sociodemographic, nutritional & clinical associations of the proportion of TST positive using a cutoff of ≥10 mm
| Characteristic a | TST – 10 mm (N =7 94) (%) | TST <10 mm (N = 5814) (%) | P - value | OR (95% C.I) | Adjusted OR (95% C.I) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 444 (13.0) | 2970 (87.0) | 0.01 | 1.21 (1.05 – 1.41) | 1.19 (1.02 – 1.38) |
| Female | 350 (11.0) | 2844 (89.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Age | |||||
| 11 – 12 years | 193 (10.9) | 1585 (89.1) | 1.00 | ||
| 13 – 14 years | 408 (11.7) | 3090 (88.3) | 0.38 | 1.08 (0.90 – 1.31) | 1.09 (0.90 – 1.31) |
| 15 – 16 years | 153 (13.9) | 947 (86.1) | 0.01 | 1.33 (1.05 – 1.68) | 1.31 (1.04 – 1.65) |
| 17 – 18 years | 40 (17.2) | 192 (82.8) | 0.004 | 1.71 (1.16 – 2.52) | 1.69 (1.16 – 2.47) |
| Caste | |||||
| Dalit/Harijan | 133 (10.8) | 1097 (89.2) | 0.15 | 0.87 (0.71 – 1.05) | |
| Others | 661 (12.3) | 4717 (87.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Religion | |||||
| Hindu | 714 (12.2) | 5137 (87.8) | 0.19 | 1.18 (0.91 – 1.51) | |
| Others | 80 (10.6) | 677 (89.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Education of mother* | |||||
| Illiterate | 372 (11.7) | 2818 (88.3) | 0.42 | 0.94 (0.81 – 1.09) | |
| Primary or Greater | 420 (12.3) | 2991 (87.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Education of father* | |||||
| Illiterate | 213 (12.4) | 1511 (87.6) | 0.56 | 1.05 (0.89 – 1.24) | |
| Primary or Greater | 574 (11.8) | 4282 (88.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Walls | |||||
| Brick | 633 (12.1) | 4605 (87.9) | 0.74 | 1.03 (0.86 – 1.24) | |
| Othersb | 161 (11.8) | 1209 (88.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Cooking fuel | |||||
| LPG/Gas | 117 (14.3) | 702 (85.7) | 0.03 | 1.26 (1.01 – 1.56) | 1.26 (1.02 – 1.57) |
| Othersc | 677 (11.7) | 5112 (88.3) | 1.00 | ||
| TB Contact*d | |||||
| Yes | 13 (29.5) | 31(70.5) | <0.001 | 3.10 (1.53 – 6.18) | 2.88 (1.47 – 5.65) |
| No | 774 (11.9) | 5722 (88.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Unexplained cough ≥2 weeks | |||||
| Yes | 8 (20.0) | 32 (80.0) | 0.12 | 1.84 (0.84 – 4.00) | |
| No | 786 (12.0) | 5782 (88.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Unexplained weight loss – 2 weeks | |||||
| Yes | 2 (7.4) | 25 (92.6) | 0.46 | 0.59 (0.14 – 2.47) | |
| No | 792 (12.0) | 5789 (88.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Unexplained fever – 2 weeks | |||||
| Yes | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | 0.39 | 0.43 (0.06 – 3.24) | |
| No | 793 (12.0) | 5797 (88.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Other symptomse | |||||
| Yes | 1 (8.3) | 11 (91.7) | 0.69 | 0.67 (0.03 – 4.94) | |
| No | 793 (12.0) | 5803 (88.0) | 1.00 | ||
| BCG immunization* | |||||
| Yes | 695 (12.3) | 4954 (87.7) | 0.01 | 1.36 (1.06 – 1.74) | 1.33 (1.04 – 1.71) |
| No | 78 (9.3) | 757 (90.7) | 1.00 | ||
| BCG Scar | |||||
| Yes | 515 (12.4) | 3627 (87.6) | 0.18 | 1.11 (0.95 – 1.30) | |
| No | 279 (11.3) | 2187 (88.7) | 1.00 | ||
| BMI - z Score*f | |||||
| Underweight (<− 2) | 212 (10.6) | 1779 (89.4) | 0.03 | 0.83 (0.70 – 0.99) | |
| Overweight (> + 1) | 26 (14.4) | 155 (85.6) | 0.46 | 1.17 (0.75 – 1.82) | |
| Normal (−2 to + 1) | 555 (12.5) | 3875 (87.5) | 1.00 |
Reported as number and within parenthesis row percentages; OR: Odds ratio; C.I: Confidence intervals; – - reference group; P value reported for univariate analysis; Adjusted odds ratios (Multivariate analysis) were calculated for those characteristics significant in the univariate analysis.
*Because data were not available on some individuals total numbers are lower than the number of subjects who participated in the study
aCumulative response of both parent and subject has been considered in case of history of past TB, TB exposure, Symptoms suggestive of TB, Past disease history and past hospital admission.
bIncludes walls made of Packed mud, Stone, Bamboo, Thatch, Wood.
cIncludes Wood, Kerosene, Coal, Agricultural Residue as cooking fuel.
dRecent contact with a TB case at least for 8 hours a week; in the period of 3 months;
eOther symptoms include unexplained Hemoptysis and night sweats for ≥2 weeks
fWHO cut offs 2007, Growth reference 5–19 years; calculated using WHO – ANTHRO software (version 3.2.2).