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. 2014 Dec 8;56(12):1235–1242. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000323

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© 2014 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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FIGURE 4. — Meta-analysis using adjusted relative risk estimates provided by included articles. Seven articles were included in this analysis, including 5 case-control studies and 2 cohort studies. Two case-control studies presented risk estimates specifically for exposure to lead,42,45 with the remaining case-control studies focusing on exposure to heavy metals, including lead. The two cohort studies gave estimates for exposure to heavy metals, including lead.43,44 The relative risk (OR or RR) from 7 included articles were first transformed to the log value, then estimated the confidence error on the basis of confidence interval log (95% upper CL − 95% lower CL). The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.1.