. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 25.

Published in final edited form as: J Res Pract Adult Lit Second Basic Educ. 2012 Summer;1(2):78–90.

Table 1.

Means and Standard Deviations for each of the Measures by Reading Group.

Measure	Unskilled Readers	Resilient Readers	Good Decoders/Poor Comprenders	Skilled Reader
Work Attack	7.28^a (3.18)	7.93^a (2.37)	26.83^b (3.10)	27.56^b (2.30)
Passage Comprehension	18.56^a (4.25)	28.79^b (2.61)	21.75^c (2.14)	32.32^d (2.87)
Letter Word Identification	39.28^a (8.46)	46.50^b (6.86)	57.42^c (10.82)	64.36^d (4.78)
Nonsense Word Fluency	39.50^a (30.39)	52.57^a (34.48)	91.62^b (46.98)	104.48^b (42.34)
Oral Reading Fluency	74.44^a (40.85)	122.86^b (36.13)	132.17^b (49.27)	172.96^c (30.62)
Reading Fluency	23.67^a (11.95)	39.43^b (14.68)	36.33^b (12.20)	52.52^c (11.86)
Irregular Word Reading	12.5^a (9.10)	27.14^b (11.13)	25.08^b (9.68)	39.44^c (9.15)

Note: When a significant main effect for group was found, superscripts were added to indicate which groups were different from one another. Groups with the same superscript did not differ significantly from one another.