Table 2.

AQoL dimension and item results in ages 75 or more

Dimension dis-utility (0 = best; 1 = worst)	Item (0 = best to 3 = worst)	1998			Year 2004			2008			Incremental change*		Significant change across 3 time periods		Absolute change	Relative change (%)
		Mean	L95%CI	U95%CI	Mean	L95%CI	U95%CI	Mean	L95%CI	U95%CI	2004 > 1998	2008 > 2004		p	(from 1998 to 2008)
Illness		0.496	0.455	0.538	0.637	0.605	0.668	0.644	0.609	0.678	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 967) = 30.35	0.000	0.147	29.6%
	1. Use of prescribed medicines	1.257	1.129	1.385	1.675	1.566	1.783	1.822	1.708	1.937	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 42.88	0.000	0.565	25.1%
	2. Reliance on medicines or medical aids	1.589	1.434	1.744	2.206	2.103	2.309	2.186	2.072	2.299	TRUE	FALSE	F(1, 960) = 39.02	0.000	0.596	23.0%
	3. Need for medical treatment	1.138	1.000	1.276	1.316	1.196	1.437	1.384	1.256	1.513	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 6.80	0.009	0.246	11.5%
Independent Living		0.145	0.115	0.174	0.157	0.131	0.183	0.189	0.157	0.220	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 3.78	0.052	0.044	30.2%
	4. Help with personal care	0.245	0.161	0.329	0.214	0.143	0.286	0.333	0.246	0.420	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 1.70	0.192	0.088	7.0%
	5. Help with household tasks	0.674	0.552	0.797	0.749	0.642	0.856	0.922	0.796	1.049	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 969) = 7.33	0.007	0.248	14.8%
	6. Getting around home and community	0.341	0.248	0.434	0.390	0.301	0.480	0.456	0.348	0.565	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 2.51	0.114	0.115	8.6%
Social Relations		0.083	0.062	0.104	0.077	0.062	0.093	0.101	0.082	0.121	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 1.28	0.258	0.018	22.0%
	7. Warmth of personal relationships	0.213	0.141	0.128	0.210	0.159	0.262	0.293	0.220	0.366	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 966) = 2.13	0.145	0.080	37.7%
	8. Relationships with others	0.349	0.272	0.427	0.312	0.251	0.373	0.406	0.329	0.484	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 0.83	0.364	0.057	16.4%
	9. Relationship with family	0.216	0.147	0.285	0.246	0.181	0.311	0.293	0.224	0.363	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 964) = 2.33	0.128	0.077	35.7%
Physical Senses		0.079	0.065	0.094	0.074	0.062	0.086	0.084	0.070	0.097	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 0.11	0.738	0.004	5.2%
	10. Vision	0.366	0.285	0.446	0.304	0.233	0.374	0.349	0.268	0.431	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 0.13	0.714	-0.016	-4.4%
	11. Hearing	0.437	0.355	0.520	0.457	0.383	0.530	0.500	0.419	0.582	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 967) = 1.09	0.297	0.063	14.4%
	12. Communication	0.174	0.110	0.239	0.127	0.081	0.173	0.158	0.102	0.214	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 0.22	0.640	-0.017	-9.6%
Psychological Wellbeing		0.099	0.084	0.114	0.101	0.089	0.112	0.132	0.114	0.150	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 6.88	0.009	0.033	33.0%
	13. Sleep patterns	0.805	0.680	0.930	0.917	0.808	1.026	0.966	0.840	1.092	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 3.25	0.072	0.161	8.9%
	14. Affective feelings	0.368	0.286	0.450	0.259	0.199	0.319	0.427	0.349	0.505	FALSE	TRUE	F(1, 969) = 0.61	0.434	0.059	4.3%
	15. Pain or discomfort	0.600	0.521	0.678	0.652	0.582	0.722	0.773	0.691	0.855	TRUE	TRUE	F(1, 968) = 8.62	0.003	0.173	10.8%

*Where the AQoL dis-utility dimension was higher in 2008 than 2004, and 2004 was higher than 1998, then HRQoL is considered to have reduced.