Appendix C.
Two-Level Hierarchical Logistic Regression Predicting ESL Placement for Language Minority Students
| Coef. | |
|---|---|
| School Characteristics
| |
| Sector | |
| Public | 0.89 (0.77) |
| Locale | |
| Urban | −0.22 (0.28) |
| Region (Northeast) | |
| Midwest | −0.66 (0.49) |
| South | 0.50 (0.42) |
| West | 0.01 (0.44) |
| Student Teacher Ratio | 0.05 (0.04) |
| Average Learning Hindrances | 0.01 (0.26) |
| Logit Proportion Free Lunch | −0.10 (0.08) |
| Logit Proportion LEP | 0.09 (0.09) |
| Logit Proportion Minority | −0.08 (0.08) |
| Logit Proportion Special Education | 0.28 (0.14)* |
| Logit Proportion Asian | 0.15 (0.07)* |
| Logit Proportion Immigrant | 0.15 (0.10) |
| N | 543 |
|
| |
| Individual Characteristics
| |
| Individual/Family | |
| Female | −0.07 (0.20) |
| Race/Ethnicity (White) | |
| Black | −0.92 (0.74) |
| Native American | −0.87 (1.80) |
| Multiracial | −0.09 (0.83) |
| Mexican | −0.10 (0.45) |
| Non-Mexican Latino | −0.84 (0.48) |
| Chinese | −0.58 (0.50) |
| Filipino | −2.72 (0.77)*** |
| Japanese | 0.31 (0.69) |
| Korean | −0.17 (0.47) |
| Southeast Asian | −0.48 (0.46) |
| South Asian | −0.38 (0.50) |
| Generational Status (3rd+) | |
| Arrived in U.S. ≤ 5 Years Prior | 2.23 (0.74)** |
| Arrived in U.S. ≥ 6 Years Prior | 0.93 (0.70) |
| Second Generation | 0.57 (0.69) |
| Student Placed in 6th Grade or Higher Upon U.S. Arrival | 1.44 (0.34)*** |
| Age (Lowest Quartile) | |
| Highest Age Quartile | 0.10 (0.28) |
| Third Age Quartile | −0.31 (0.30) |
| Second Age Quartile | 0.07 (0.29) |
| Parent’s Education | 0.04 (0.08) |
| Income | −0.33 (0.10)*** |
| Number of Family Resources | −0.07 (0.04)* |
| Intact Family Structure | −0.32 (0.20) |
| Parent Saving for College | −0.06 (0.23) |
| Language | |
| Student Reported English Ability | −0.87 (0.19)*** |
| Student’s Use of Native Language | 0.45 (0.14)** |
| Parent Speaks Language other than English at Home | 0.20 (0.40) |
| Parent Questionnaire in Spanish | 0.11 (0.41) |
| Prior Achievement | |
| 9th Grade High Math | −0.44 (0.23)* |
| 10th Grade Reading IRT | −0.08 (0.02)*** |
| 9th Grade GPA | −0.01 (0.14) |
| Base Year Test Accommodations | 0.02 (0.65) |
| Retained Before 10th Grade | −0.38 (0.38) |
| College Aspirations | 0.08 (0.11) |
| Parent Involvement | |
| Parent Contacted School: Student’s Performance | 0.02 (0.13) |
| Parent Contacted School: Student’s Course Taking | −0.19 (0.20) |
| Parent Advice about Courses | 0.27 (0.21) |
| Parent Saving for College | −0.06 (0.23) |
| Parent Has Rules about GPA | −0.33 (0.29) |
| Intercept | −1.60 (1.01) |
| N | 2352 |
*
p<.05;
**
p<.01;
***
p<.001 (two-tailed tests)
Note: Numbers in parentheses () are standard errors.
Source: ELS Base Year and First Follow-Up Transcript Component