Table 2.

Cases of fluid extravasation after hip arthroscopy – intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome treatment and outcomes

Author and Reference number	Intra-abdominal hypertension/acute abdominal compartment syndrome clinical signs		Intra-abdominal hypertension/acute abdominal compartment syndrome treatment procedures	Treatment results
	Abdomen	Others
Bartlett et al.[3]	Significant abdominal distension	Cardiopulmonary arrest	1. Nonoperative medical management	Despite prolonged asystole, the patient survived without neurologic sequelae
			2. An emergent exploratory laparotomy closed primarily
Haupt et al.[4]	Diffuse abdominal pain 4 hours after surgery	1. Body temperature decreased from 36.3° to 34.5°C at the end of the operation	Nonoperative medical management	The irrigation solution was absorbed the next day
		2. Concurrent neurologic symptoms, resembling absence seizures occurred		The neurologic symptoms disappeared without treatment
Sharma et al.[5]	Significant abdominal distension	1. Acute hypotensive with a systolic blood pressure of 60–70mmHg	1. Nonoperative medical management	Immediate improvement in the patient’s hemodynamic status
		2. Unresponsive	2. Urgent mini-laparotomy and then diagnostic laparotomy
		3. Apnoeic
		4. Lower extremities appeared cyanotic no pulse could be palpated in either leg
Fowler and Owens [6]	Abdomen extremely distended	1. Elevated bladder pressures (42mmHg)	1. Nonoperative medical management	Asymptomatic in his right hip and groin but is continuing follow-up by a general surgeon for abdominal complaints related to his incision and abdominal compartment syndrome
		2. An increased peak inspiratory pressure, thus preventing extubation	2. An emergent exploratory laparotomy. The abdomen was left open, and a wound vacuum was placed.
Verma and Sekiya [7]	Distended and firm abdomen but easily compressible	1. Hypothermia during the surgical procedure	Nonoperative medical management	The irrigation solution was absorbed
		2. Right labia was asymmetrically enlarged
Ladner et al.[8]	Abdomen noticeably distended	1. Core body temperature remained above 36.8°C.	Paracentesis – no fluid was obtained. A computed tomography scan after paracentesis showed a copious amount of fluid in the intraperitoneal area and a small amount in the retroperitoneal area	The irrigation solution was absorbed the next day
		2. At no time was her respiratory or cardiac function compromised based on clinical examination, blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas values, and electrocardiographic data
Current case	Abdomen extremely distended	1. Acute hypotension with a systolic blood pressure of 60–70mmHg	Paracentesis and percutaneous slow drainage	Immediate improvement in the patient’s hemodynamic status
	Abdominal pain	2. Unresponsiveness
		3. Shortness of breath