Table 3. Familial risk of concordant kidney failure in males and females.
| Males | Females | All | |||||||||||
| Probands with any type of kidney failure | Subtype of kidney failure in offspring/siblings | O | SIR | 95% CI | O | SIR | 95% CI | O | SIR | 95% CI | |||
| Family history (parent/sibling) | Acute kidney failure | 153 | 1.09 | 0.92 | 1.27 | 84 | 1.05 | 0.84 | 1.30 | 237 | 1.08 | 0.94 | 1.22 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 717 | 2.04 | 1.90 | 2.20 | 395 | 1.97 | 1.78 | 2.17 | 1112 | 2.02 | 1.90 | 2.14 | |
| Unspecified kidney failure | 33 | 1.18 | 0.81 | 1.65 | 21 | 1.38 | 0.85 | 2.11 | 54 | 1.25 | 0.94 | 1.63 | |
| All kidney failure | 1802 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 1.48 | 1026 | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.53 | 2828 | 1.42 | 1.37 | 1.48 | |
| Parents history | Acute kidney failure | 103 | 1.06 | 0.87 | 1.29 | 58 | 1.10 | 0.83 | 1.42 | 161 | 1.07 | 0.91 | 1.25 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 378 | 1.71 | 1.54 | 1.89 | 204 | 1.62 | 1.40 | 1.85 | 582 | 1.67 | 1.54 | 1.82 | |
| Unspecified kidney failure | 22 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 1.52 | 16 | 1.50 | 0.86 | 2.45 | 38 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 1.60 | |
| All kidney failure | 1124 | 1.28 | 1.21 | 1.36 | 637 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.43 | 1761 | 1.29 | 1.23 | 1.35 | |
| Paternal history | Acute kidney failure | 62 | 1.20 | 0.92 | 1.54 | 26 | 1.03 | 0.67 | 1.51 | 88 | 1.14 | 0.92 | 1.41 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 212 | 1.73 | 1.50 | 1.98 | 105 | 1.45 | 1.19 | 1.76 | 317 | 1.62 | 1.45 | 1.81 | |
| Unspecified kidney failure | 9 | 0.74 | 0.33 | 1.40 | 11 | 1.87 | 0.93 | 3.36 | 20 | 1.10 | 0.67 | 1.71 | |
| All kidney failure | 637 | 1.35 | 1.24 | 1.45 | 326 | 1.21 | 1.08 | 1.35 | 963 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.38 | |
| Maternal history | Acute kidney failure | 42 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.25 | 33 | 1.19 | 0.82 | 1.67 | 75 | 1.02 | 0.80 | 1.28 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 178 | 1.69 | 1.45 | 1.96 | 108 | 1.88 | 1.54 | 2.27 | 286 | 1.76 | 1.56 | 1.97 | |
| Unspecified kidney failure | 13 | 1.26 | 0.67 | 2.16 | 7 | 1.39 | 0.55 | 2.89 | 20 | 1.31 | 0.80 | 2.02 | |
| All kidney failure | 513 | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.31 | 326 | 1.47 | 1.31 | 1.63 | 839 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.38 | |
| Sibling history | Acute kidney failure | 52 | 1.15 | 0.86 | 1.50 | 27 | 0.98 | 0.64 | 1.43 | 79 | 1.08 | 0.86 | 1.35 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 366 | 2.52 | 2.27 | 2.80 | 213 | 2.52 | 2.19 | 2.88 | 579 | 2.52 | 2.32 | 2.73 | |
| Unspecified kidney failure | 12 | 1.65 | 0.85 | 2.89 | 6 | 1.08 | 0.39 | 2.37 | 18 | 1.40 | 0.83 | 2.22 | |
| All kidney failure | 738 | 1.68 | 1.56 | 1.80 | 430 | 1.70 | 1.54 | 1.87 | 1168 | 1.69 | 1.59 | 1.78 | |
Familial risks were adjusted for age, sex, time period, region of residence, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities.
Bold type: 95% CI does not include 1.00.
O = observed number of cases with family history of kidney failure; SIR = standardized incidence ratio; CI = confidence interval.