TABLE 4:
Known transduction mechanisms by which ion flows affects cell behavior.
| Developmental role | Key biophysical event | Transduction mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tail regeneration in Xenopus: first step | Voltage change (repolarization) | Guidance of neural growth | Adams et al. (2007) |
| Tail regeneration in Xenopus: second step | Intracellular sodium content | SIK2 (salt-inducible kinase) | Tseng et al. (2010) |
| Neoplastic conversion of melanocytes in Xenopus tadpoles | Voltage change (depolarization) | Serotonin movement | Morokuma et al. (2008a), Blackiston et al. (2011) |
| Polarity determination in planarian regeneration, length control of zebrafish fin | Voltage change | Ca2+ flux through voltage-gated calcium channel | Beane et al. (2011), Zhang et al. (2011), Chan et al. (2014), Kujawski et al. (2014) |
| Left–right patterning in Xenopus embryos, melanocyte transformation toward metastatic behavior | Voltage change | Serotonin movement | Levin et al. (2002), Fukumoto et al. (2005a, b), Adams et al. (2006), Blackiston et al. (2011), Lobikin et al. (2012a) |
| Trachea size control in Drosophila | Ion-independent function | Planar polarity, septate junction structure | Paul et al. (2007) |