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. 2014 Nov 25;9(11):e113939. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113939

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© 2014 Mori et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The two routes, “amidated” and “deamidated”, are highlighted. The different sources of the pyridine moiety for NAD synthesis are circled. The metabolites involved are: nicotinic acid (Na), nicotinamide (Nam), nicotinamide riboside (NR), quinolinic acid (Qa), nicotinate mononucleotide (NaMN), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinate adenine dinucleotide (NaAD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The enzymes involved are: QaPRT (EC 2.4.2.19), NaPRT (EC 2.4.2.11), NamPRT (EC 2.4.2.12), NRK (EC 2.7.1.22), NMNAT (EC 2.7.7.1), and NADS (EC 6.3.5.1).