Figure 1.

Lifespan extension from liquid-based DR and DD. (A) Description of the liquid DR method. C. elegans were allowed to develop under standard C. elegans conditions, then moved to NGM plates seeded with treated bacterial food (strain OP50) as day-one adults. These animals were moved to 12-well plates containing 2.5 mL of different concentrations of treated OP50 after 2 days of AL feeding, then moved to fresh cultures every 2–3 weeks. (B) Representative lifespans of wild-type (N2) worms that were fed different concentrations of treated bacteria (indicated as bacterial OD) and examined in parallel. Mean values and analysis of this experiment are presented in Table S12 (experiment 1C). (C) Effect of food concentration on mean lifespan. This graph describes a composite of 21 independent experiments, each of which examined a range of serially diluted treated bacteria in parallel. Lifespans were normalized to AL by dividing the mean lifespan at each food concentration by the AL value determined in parallel. DR and DD increased lifespan by 59.4% and 76%, respectively. SEM is shown. Compared to AL, a two-tailed t-test for all A₆₀₀ values, P < 0.001. Individual experiments are presented in Table S12.