Table 1. Summary of microRNA (miRNA) expression in studies using primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples.

Patients with NPC vs. healthy controls		Prognostic association
Up-regulated	Down-regulated	Positive	Negative
*miR-16[57]	let-7g[58]	miR-18a[59]	*miR-9[31]
ŦmiR-17[60]	*miR-9[31]	ŦmiR-22[61]	miR-26a[62]
miR-18a[59]	miR-26a[11],[36],[58],[62]	miR-93[62]	miR-29c[29],[62]
ŦmiR-20a[60]	miR-26b[36]	ŦmiR-572[61]	miR-30e[62]
*miR-21[57]	miR-29c[27],[62]	ŦmiR-638[61]	miR-451[63]
*miR-24[57]	ŦmiR-29c[60]		miR-98[36]
miR-93[62]	miR-30e[62]		miR-142-3p[62]
miR-141[64]	miR-34b[58]		ŦmiR-1234[61]
miR-144[65]	miR-101[36]
miR-146a[66],[67]	miR-138[68]
miR-155[38]	miR-142-3p[62]
*miR-155[37],[69]	miR-200b[41]
*miR-214-3p[31]	miR-216b[44]
miR-214-3p[70]	miR-218[71]
miR-663[72]	ŦmiR-223[60]
*miR-3135a[31]	miR-375[30]
	*miR-378[57]
	miR-451[63]

The miRNAs included in this table Satisfy each of the following criteria: (1) a statistically significant alteration in their expression was identified in specimens from patients with NPC; and (2) some degree of validation (either in additional samples, using an alternate analytical method, or functional validation) was reported. Patients with NPC vs. healthy controls: for these miRNAs, levels were significantly increased (“up-regulated”) or decreased (“down-regulated”) in tumors and plasma from patients with NPC compared with nasopharyngeal tissues and plasma from healthy controls. Prognostic association: expression higher (“positive”) or lower (“negative”) in tumor and plasma samples from patients with poor prognosis. Superscripts: expression measured in *plasma and ^Ŧserum. All others were discovered using tumor samples.