|
ADAMTS9 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 9) |
Inhibits angiogenesis by reduction of MMP9 and vascular endothelial growth factorA (VEGFA) expression[96],[97]
|
|
ADAMTS18 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 18) |
Activates diverse cell surface molecules, inhibits both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth[98]
|
|
BLU/ZMYND10 (zinc finger, MYND-type containing 10) |
Involves inhibition of angiogenesis, transcription factor stress response, and tumor suppression[99]–[101]
|
|
BRD7 (bromodomain containing 7) |
Regulates transcription and causes cell cycle arrest[102]
|
| CDH1 (Cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin) |
Inhibits proliferation, invasion, and metastasis[103]
|
|
CDKN2A/p16 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) |
Inhibits CDK4 kinase and causes cell cycle arrest[103]
|
|
CMTM3 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain- containing 3) |
Involves cellular chemokine signaling[104]
|
|
CRIP2 (cysteine-rich intestine protein 2) |
Inhibits angiogenesis by transcriptional repression[105]
|
|
CRYAB (alpha B-crystallin) |
Suppresses tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by associating with adherens junction[106]
|
|
DLC1/ARHGAP7 (deleted in liver cancer 1) |
Involves cell cytoskeleton organization, activates GTPase, signal transduction, and cell adhesion, inhibits cell invasion[107]
|
|
DLEC1 (deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1) |
Inhibits cell growth and invasiveness[108]
|
|
DUSP6 (dual specificity phosphatase 6) |
Suppresses cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, inhibits EMT by negatively regulating the activity of ERK[109]
|
|
FBLN2 (fibulin 2) |
Interacts with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins; inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; suppresses angiogenesis[110]
|
|
FBLN3 (EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1) |
Suppresses migration and invasion of NPC cells and involves the regulation of Akt signaling pathways[111]
|
|
GADD45G (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible, gamma) |
Involves DNA damage response, inhibits cell growth and colony formation[112]
|
|
IGFBP-6 (insulin-like growth for binding protein 6) |
Inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasitic abilities; increases the apoptosis events of NPC cells; associates with the expression of EGR-1[113]
|
|
IRF8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) |
Affects host defense, cell growth, differentiation, immune regulation and inhibits clonogenicity[114]
|
|
LARS (leucyl-tRNA synthetase) |
Catalyzes ATP-dependent ligation of L-Leu to tRNA (leu) and is inactivated in NPC by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms[115]
|
|
LTBP2 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2) |
Reduces focal adhesion and cell migration, suppresses angiogenesis[116]
|
|
MIPOL1 (mirror-image polydactyly 1) |
Arrests cell cycle transition[117]
|
|
MMP19 (matrix metallopeptidase 19) |
Breaks down ECM to affect cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion[118]
|
|
PCDH10 (protocadherin 10) |
Mediates cell-cell adhesion, induces apoptosis, and be involved in cell signaling[119]
|
|
PTPRG (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G) |
Arrests cell cycle, involves cell-ECM interactions, dephosphorylates kinases[120]
|
|
RASSF1A [ras association (RalGDS/ AF-6) domain family 1] |
Involves cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis, involves DNA repair, inhibits accumulation of cyclin D1[121]
|
|
THY1/CD90 (Thy-1 cell-surface antigen) |
Involves suppression of tumor formation, cell proliferation, and invasion[122],[123]
|
|
TSLC1/CADM1 (tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1/cell adhesion molecule 1) |
Inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis[124],[125]
|
|
WIF1 (WNT inhibitory factor 1) |
Inhibits WNT proteins, involves protein-tyrosine kinase activity[126]
|
|
ZNF382 (KRAB zinc finger protein) |
Inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis[127]
|
