Table 2.
Acute effects of exercise on CSP and psychosocial outcomes.
| Δ(T2–T1) |
Between-groups difference in mean change from T1 to T2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Exercise | Control | F | p |
| CSP (sec) | 0.001 (0.025) | 0.006 (0.019) | 1.222 | 0.277 |
| STAI-state | 0.36 (4.31) | 1.07 (2.87) | 0.205 | 0.655 |
| STAI-trait | –0.29 (3.37) | 1.06 (5.45) | 0.538 | 0.469 |
| POMS-tension | –2.71 (3.27) | –1.72 (2.14) | 3.885 | 0.057 |
| POMS-depression | –0.50 (2.84) | –0.94 (1.78) | 1.569 | 0.375 |
| POMS-anger | –1.47 (1.64) | –1.88 (2.45) | 0.192 | 0.664 |
| POMS-vigor | 0.23 (3.81) | –0.59 (4.49) | 0.241 | 0.627 |
| POMS-fatigue | –0.84 (2.93) | –0.78 (2.41) | 0.131 | 0.720 |
| POMS-confusion | –1.56 (3.20) | –0.82 (1.24) | 0.920 | 0.345 |
| EIFI-positive engagement | 1.35 (2.29) | –0.39 (3.91) | 2.967 | 0.095 |
| EIFI-revitalization | 1.76 (4.07) | 0.57 (3.36) | 1.662 | 0.207 |
| EIFI-tranquility | 0.88 (1.90) | 0.50 (3.13) | 0.535 | 0.470 |
| EIFI-exhaustion | 0.76 (2.39) | –0.17 (2.30) | 1.477 | 0.233 |
| HADS-anxiety | 0.44 (1.41) | 0.18 (1.01) | 0.105 | 0.748 |
| HADS-depression | 0.81 (2.73) | 0.33 (1.92) | 0.375 | 0.545 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation); Between-groups analysis:p-value reported for ANCOVA when adjusting for baseline value. CSP, cortical silent period; EIFI, Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; POMS, Profile of Mood States – Short Form; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; T1, Time Point 1 (baseline); T2, Time Point 2 (post-test).