Figure 1.

Experimental Paradigm. A. Encoding task. Subjects initially performed an emotion identification task in which they identified the facial affect displayed. Five emotional labels were available, including two nonthreatening affects (happy and sad), two threatening affects (angry and fearful), and neutral. Subjects were not instructed to remember the faces displayed. B. Face recognition task. Following the affect identification task, subjects were asked to make a forced‐choice facial recognition judgment. Thirty faces (targets) from the affect identification task and thirty novel faces (foils) were displayed for 2 seconds each. Subjects made a simple “old” vs. “new” judgment as to whether the face had been previously displayed in the affect identification task. Faces were separated by a variable (0–12s) interval of crosshair fixation.