Table 1.
SPME-GC/MS analyses of five samples of black locust honeys. Samples have different geographical origins along the Italian Peninsula, but their botanical origin was assessed by melissopalinological and sensory analyses before proceeding with volatile extraction.
| Peaks | Retention time | Name | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.570 | Dimethyl sulfide | 0.13 | 0.43 | |||
| 2 | 6.117 | Octane | 1.12 | 2.65 | 0.57 | 0.62 | 1.51 |
| 3 | 6.762 | Acetone | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.36 | ||
| 4 | 8.541 | Nonane | 0.48 | 0.61 | |||
| 5 | 9.364 | 2-Methylbutanal | 0.13 | ||||
| 6 | 9.479 | 3-Methylbutanal | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.31 | ||
| 7 | 11.777 | 2-Pentanone, 3-pentanone | 0.28 | 0.44 | 1.28 | ||
| 8 | 13.952 | Pentanal 3-methyl | 0.36 | ||||
| 9 | 14.061 | 3-Buten-2-ol-2-methyl | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| 10 | 16.002 | Hexanal | 0.73 | 0.60 | 2.53 | 0.99 | 0.78 |
| 11 | 16.706 | 2-Butenal-2-methyl | 0.40 | 0.68 | 3.18 | ||
| 12 | 18.033 | Butanenitrile-3-methyl | 0.60 | 0.74 | 0.21 | ||
| 13 | 19.325 | β-Pinene | 0.99 | ||||
| 14 | 20.380 | 2-Heptanone | 0.12 | ||||
| 15 | 20.521 | Hexanal-3-methyl | 5.90 | ||||
| 16 | 20.538 | Hexanal-5-methyl | 0.40 | ||||
| 17 | 21.088 | Limonene | 0.68 | 0.23 | 0.89 | ||
| 18 | 21.440 | 2-Butenal-3-methyl | 0.75 | 0.70 | 2.04 | ||
| 19 | 21.457 | Furan-2,3-dihydro-4-methyl | 0.54 | ||||
| 20 | 22.226 | (E)-2-Hexenal | 0.74 | ||||
| 21 | 22.765 | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxopentanenitrile | 2.11 | 0.59 | |||
| 22 | 22.771 | 1-Pentene-4,4-dimethyl | 3.19 | ||||
| 23 | 23.160 | 3-Buten-1-ol-3-methyl | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.87 | 2.11 |
| 24 | 23.346 | uk: 73, 147, 74, 45 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 1.13 | 0.73 | |
| 25 | 24.700 | (+)-4-Carene | 0.09 | ||||
| 26 | 24.976 | Octanal | 2.13 | 1.69 | 6.98 | 2.07 | 2.08 |
| 27 | 25.875 | 2-Heptanol | 0.11 | ||||
| 28 | 26.110 | 2-Buten-1-ol-3-methyl | 0.69 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 1.69 | 2.68 |
| 29 | 26.968 | 5-Hepten-2-one-6-methyl | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.24 |
| 30 | 27.307 | Hexanol | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 1.19 |
| 31 | 28.681 | (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol | 0.22 | ||||
| 32 | 29.214 | Nonanal | 16.17 | 13.88 | 24.11 | 14.83 | 16.75 |
| 33 | 29.480 | uk: 73, 147, 57, 221 | 3.13 | 2.85 | 2.97 | 4.56 | |
| 34 | 30.426 | Dihydro-alpha-terpinyl acetate | 0.12 | ||||
| 35 | 30.806 | (E)-2-Ottenale | 0.17 | ||||
| 36 | 31.091 | cis-Linalool oxide (furan) | 9.20 | 9.47 | 8.86 | 9.79 | 8.89 |
| 37 | 31.298 | 1-Heptanol | 0.98 | ||||
| 38 | 31.721 | 7-Octen-2-ol-2,6-dimethyl | 0.08 | ||||
| 39 | 32.207 | Furfural | 4.44 | 4.44 | 4.34 | 4.93 | 4.41 |
| 40 | 32.577 | 1-Hexanol-2-ethyl | 1.12 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.87 |
| 41 | 33.231 | Decanale | 2.95 | 3.64 | 2.34 | 1.59 | 4.02 |
| 42 | 33.499 | Hexane-1-nitro | 0.27 | ||||
| 43 | 33.608 | 2-Nonanol | 0.53 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.25 | |
| 44 | 34.707 | Linalool | 15.60 | 14.18 | 15.49 | 16.85 | 12.80 |
| 45 | 34.992 | Lilac aldehyde B | 0.44 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 1.02 | 0.34 |
| 46 | 35.090 | 3-Pentanol-3-methyl | 1.90 | 1.01 | 2.70 | 1.42 | 1.54 |
| 47 | 35.535 | Lilac aldehyde C | 0.42 | 0.90 | 0.39 | 1.06 | 0.32 |
| 48 | 35.829 | Lilac aldehyde D | 0.19 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.62 | 0.19 |
| 49 | 36.732 | Lilac aldehyde A | 0.20 | 0.59 | 0.25 | 0.76 | 0.21 |
| 50 | 37.050 | Hotrienol | 17.79 | 20.29 | 17.67 | 26.30 | 19.65 |
| 51 | 38.259 | Menthol | 0.13 | 0.09 | |||
| 52 | 38.432 | Myrtenal | 0.11 | ||||
| 53 | 38.600 | (E)-2-Decenal | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.88 | ||
| 54 | 38.680 | 1-Nonanol | 0.38 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.55 | 0.36 |
| 55 | 38.873 | Phenylacetaldehyde | 0.66 | 2.44 | 0.63 | ||
| 56 | 39.907 | 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethenyldihydro-5-methyl- | 0.22 | 0.34 | |||
| 57 | 40.278 | α-Terpineol | 0.61 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.27 |
| 58 | 40.517 | 4-Oxoisophorone | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.41 |
| 59 | 40.607 | 2-Dodecanol | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.17 | ||
| 60 | 41.624 | uk: 133, 68, 151, 59 | 0.82 | 0.92 | |||
| 61 | 41.944 | Linalool oxide (Z-pyranoid) | 0.33 | 0.69 | 0.11 | ||
| 62 | 42.091 | 1-Decanol | 0.09 | ||||
| 63 | 44.609 | β-Damascenone | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.76 |
| 64 | 45.354 | Z-Geranylacetone | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.17 | |
| 65 | 46.216 | Benzyl alcohol | 0.88 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 0.86 | 0.59 |
| 66 | 47.332 | 2-Phenylethyl alcohol | 2.63 | 1.48 | 2.49 | 1.46 | 2.61 |
| 67 | 48.114 | Benzyl nitrile | 0.07 | ||||
| 68 | 48.452 | 1-Dodecanol | 1.50 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.19 | |
| 69 | 54.276 | 1-Tetradecanol | 0.21 | 0.14 | |||
| 70 | 54.852 | Thymol | 3.14 | 1.23 |