Table 1.
Role of leptin in breast cancer growth and progression: in vitro and in vivo studies.
| Experimental models | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|
| IN VITRO | ||
| MCF-7 | Increased cell proliferation | (4, 13–24) |
| T47D | ||
| ZR75-1 | ||
| MDA-B-361 | ||
| SKBR3 | ||
| MDA-MB-231 | ||
| MCF-7 | Increased cell transformation (anchorage-independent growth) | (4, 17, 25) |
| T47D | ||
| SKBR3 | ||
| MCF-7 | Up-regulation of cdk2, cyclin D1, E-cadherin, hyperphosphorylation of pRb, activation of estrogen receptor, induced expression of c-myc | (16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26–28) |
| T47D | ||
| ZR75-1 | ||
| MCF-7 | Anti-apoptotic effect | (27, 29, 30) |
| ZR75-1 | ||
| MCF-7 | Reduced efficacy of breast cancer treatment | (16, 25) |
| IN VIVO | ||
| Obese Zucker rats | Small percentage of carcinoma developed in obese compared with lean rats | (31) |
| MMTV/TGF-α Lepob/ob | No transgene-induced mammary tumors development | (32) |
| MMTV/TGF-α Lepdb/db | No transgene-induced mammary tumors development | (33) |
| MMTV/PyMT-α db/dbNSE/NSE | Reduced mammary tumor growth and progression | (34) |
| Enhanced mitochondrial | ||
| β-oxidation | ||
| MMTV/Wnt1 tumors transplanted in Lepob/ob | Suppressed mammary tumor growth and tumor-initiating cell survival | (35) |