Table 1.

Antioxidant for fragile X premutation carriers as evidenced by their use in similar population.

Substance	Outcome	Study Population	Reference
Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E)	Normalization of synaptic connections	FMR1 KO Mouse	[165]
	Improvements in dementia	Alzheimer disease	[166, 167]
	Reduction of oxidative stress	FMR1 KO Mouse	[165]
Melatonin	Glutathione level normalization	FMR1 KO Mouse	[168]
	Improvement of anxiety and learning abnormalities	FMR1 KO Mouse	[168]
	Sleep Aid	Children with fragile X	[169]
		Women with the premutation	[170]
	Reduction of oxidative stress	Parkinson disease	[171, 172]
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)	Lowers homocysteine levels	Fragile X	[173, 174]
	Reduced brain atrophy with age	Typically aging individuals	[175]
CoEnzyme Q10	Global symptoms (UPDRS Score –Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale)	Parkinson Disease	[176, 177]
	Cognitive Function	Alzheimer Disease	[178]
	Overall energy level	Friedreich Ataxia	[179]
	Early tremor symptoms	Huntington Disease	[180]
Ginseng	Reduction of oxidative stress	Cell cultures	[181]
	Reduction of neuroinflammation	Mice	[182]
	Mood	Mice	[183]
	Memory	Mice	[184]
Omega 3s	Improved antioxidant activity	Humans	[185]
		Rats	[186, 187]
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)	Reduction of oxidative stress	Cell cultures	[188–190]
		Humans	[189]
		Rats	[191]
Anthocyanins	Reduction of oxidative stress	Cell cultures	[192]
N acetyl–L cysteine	Normalization of synaptic connections	FMR1 KO Mouse	[165]