Table 1.
Published BIA equations for the prediction of FFM in children and adolescents.
| Equation number | Citation | Participants characteristics | Equation for FFM | R2 | SEE (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bedogni et al. [23] | 8–12 y (C); n=52 M/F | (0.7 × H2/Z)+4.8 | 0.95 | 1.5 |
| 2 | Boileau [24] | 8–16 y (C); n (NR) | (0.657 × H2/R) + (0.16 × W) − (0.131 × sex) + 4.138 (sex: M=−1, F=1) | 0.97 | 1.8 |
| 3 | Cordain et al. [25] | 9–14 y (NR); n=14 M, 16 F | (0.81 × H2/R) + 6.86 | 0.69 | 4.08 |
| 4 | de Lorenzo et al. [26] | 7.7–13.0 (NR); n=20 M, 15 F | (0.588 × H2/Z) + (0.211 × W) + 2.33 | 0.92 | 1.0 |
| 5 | Deurenberg et al. [27] | 7–25 y (C); n=130 M, 116 F | (0.438 × H2/R) + (0.308 × W) + (1.6 × sex) + (0.07 × H) − 8.5 (sex: M=1, F=0) | 0.99 | 2.39 |
| 6 | Deurenberg et al. [28] | 7–15 y (NR); n=166 M/F | (0.406 × H2/R) + (0.36 × W) + (0.56 × sex) + (0.056 × H) − 6.48 (sex: M=1, F=0) | 0.97 | 1.68 |
| 7 | ≥16 y (NR); n=661 M/F | (0.340 × H2/R) + (15.34 × H) + (0.273 × W) − (0.127 × age) + (4.56 × sex) − 12.44 (sex: M=1, F=0) | 0.93 | 2.63 | |
| 8 | Duncan et al. [18] | 5–14 (As); n=39 M, 40 F | (0.533 × H2/R) + (0.329 × W) + 0.04 | 0.98 | 1.49 |
| 9 | Eston et al. [17] | 11–17 y (As); n=48 M, 46 F | (0.52 × H2/R) + (0.28 × W) + 3.25 | 0.93 | 2.20 |
| 10 | Horlick et al. [29] | 4–18 y (C,AA,Af,As); n=645 M, 602 F | [(0.459 × H2/R) + (0.064 × W) + 3.474]/[(0.769 − (0.009 × age) − (0.016 × sex)] (sex: M=1, F=0) | 0.997 | 0.93 |
| 11 | Houtkooper et al. [30] | 10–14 y (C); n=53 M, 41 F | (0.58 × H2/R) + (0.24 × W) + 2.69 | 0.93 | 2.0 |
| 12 | Houtkooper et al. [31] | 10–19 y (C); n=225 M/F | (0.61 × H2/R) + (0.25 × W) + 1.31 | 0.95 | 2.10 |
| 13 | Kim et al. [32] | 9–14 y (As); n=141 M | (0.56 × H2/Z) + (0.20 × W) + 1.66 | 0.97 | 1.59 |
| 14 | Lewy et al. [33] | M 11.4±1.4 y; F 10.2±0.4 y; n=19 M, 17 F (AA) | (0.84 × H2/R) + 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.47 |
| 15 | Morrison et al. [34] | 6–17 y (AA); n=61 F | (0.78 × H2/R) + (0.1 × X)+ (0.18 × W) − 8.78 | 0.99 | 1.95 |
| 16 | 6–17 y (C); n=65 F | (0.56 × H2/R) + (0.06 × X) + (0.34 × W) − 6.41 | 0.99 | NR | |
| 17 | Nielsen et al. [35] | 9–11 y (C); n=52 M, 49 F | (0.54 × H2/R) + (0.05 × X) + (0.06 × H) + (0.09 × W) + (0.97 × sex) − 5.11 (sex: M=1, F=0) | 0.95 | NR |
| 18 | Pietrobelli et al. [36] | 7–14 y (C); n=50 M, 25 F | (0.694 × H2/Z) − (1.097 × sex) + 5.344 (sex: M=0, F=1) | 0.90 | 5.12 |
| 19 | Rush et al. [22] | 5–14 y (C,P); n=83 M, 89 F | (0.622 × H2/R) + (0.234 × W) + 1.166 | 0.96 | 2.44 |
| 20 | Schaefer et al. [37] | 3.9–19.3 y (C); n=59 M, 53 F | (0.65 × H2/R) + (0.68 × age) + 0.15 | 0.975 | 1.98 |
| 21 | Sun et al. [13] | 12–94 y (C,As); n=669 M, 944 F | (0.65 × H2/R) + (0.26 × W) + (0.02 × R) − 10.68 (sex: M) | 0.90 | 3.9 |
| 22 | (0.69 × H2/R) + (0.17 × W) + (0.02 × R) − 9.53 (sex: F) | 0.83 | 2.9 | ||
| 23 | Suprasongsin et al. [38] | 10–22 y (C); n=21 M, 21 F | (0.524 × H2/R) + (0.415 × W) − 0.32 | 0.96 | 2.8 |
| 24 | Tyrrell et al. [39] | 5–10.9 y (C,P); n=82 M/F | (0.31 × H2/Z) + (0.17 × H) + (0.11 × W) + (0.942 × sex) − 14.96 (sex: M=2, F=1) | 0.97 | NR |
C – Caucasian; As – Asian; AA – American African; Af – African; P – Polynesian; NR – no report; H – body height in cm; W – body weight in kg; M – male; F – female; R – resistance in Ω; Z – impedance in Ω; X – reactance in Ω. R2 – regression coefficients; SEE – standard error of estimate.