Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard models of clinical outcomes between patients with HCV-HBV co-infection stratified by serum HBV DNA status (detectable or undetectable) versus patients with HCV mono-infection

Characteristics	Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence interval)
	Cirrhosis	HCC	Death
Infection Status
HCV mono-infected	1.00	1.00	1.00
HBV co-infected, DNA +	1.89 (1.46–2.45)	2.12 (1.26–3.60)	1.62 (1.33–1.99)
HBV co-infected, DNA −	1.18 (0.90–1.55)	1.54 (0.93–2.56)	1.08 (0.88–1.33)
Demographics
Gender
Female	1.00	1.00	1.00
Male	1.39 (1.22–1.58)	5.23 (2.96–9.22)	1.59 (1.44–1.75)
Age in years
< 50	1.00	1.00	1.00
50–59	1.20 (1.15–1.25)	2.13 (1.96–2.32)	1.51 (1.46–1.55)
≥ 60	1.15 (1.06–1.24)	3.22 (2.83–3.65)	2.97 (2.86–3.09)
Race
Caucasian	1.00	1.00	1.00
Black	0.62 (0.60–0.65)	0.83 (0.75–0.91)	0.68 (0.66–0.70)
Other	1.19 (1.11–1.28)	1.41 (1.23–1.62)	0.85 (0.81–0.90)
Missing	0.72 (0.66–0.78)	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	1.24 (1.18–1.29)
Clinical Factors
Alcohol abuse
No	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.39 (1.33–1.45)	1.42 (1.29–1.55)	1.43 (1.39–1.48)
Drug abuse
No	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.74 (0.70–0.78)	0.58 (0.52–0.65)	0.85 (0.82–0.87)
HIV
No	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.96 (0.88–1.04)	0.95 (0.79–1.14)	1.20 (1.14–1.26)
Antiviral Treatment
No	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.84 (1.76–1.91)	1.09 (0.99–1.21)	0.46 (0.44–0.48)
Deyo score
0	1.00	1.00	1.00
1	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	1.11 (1.01–1.22)	1.48 (1.44–1.53)
2 or higher	1.17 (1.09–1.26)	0.94 (0.80–1.10)	2.26 (2.18–2.35)
Outpatient visits	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)