Table 2.
Effect of the diets on body weight, liver fat, abdominal fat distribution and metabolic parameters.
| Title | Low Fat Diet | High Fat Diet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONT | LFD | CONT | HFD | |
| Weight (kg) | 100.7 ± 4.1 | 100.5 ± 4.4 | 104.0 ± 5.8 | 104.1 ± 5.9 |
| Liver fat (%) | 9.4 ± 7.5 | 7.2 ± 7.7 1 | 8.3 ± 7.9 | 7.0 ± 7.2 |
| IAF (cm3) | 1479 ± 331 | 1447 ± 321 | 1179 ± 235 | 1202 ± 238 |
| SQF (cm3) | 2440 ± 316 | 2413 ± 301 | 2704 ± 478 | 2861 ± 483 1,2 |
| ALT (Units/L) | 26.2 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 25.2 ± 3.0 | 25.4 ± 2.1 |
| AST (Units/L) | 21 ± 1.6 | 19.0 ± 1.5 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | 22.2±2.7 |
| GGT (Units/L) | 30.8 ± 6.0 | 33.7 ± 10.2 | 29.0 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 8.0 2 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179.1 ± 6.0 | 179.4 ± 7.3 | 159.3 ± 6.2 | 166.5 ± 8.8 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 120.1 ± 10.7 | 148.7 ± 25.4 | 84.2 ± 9.8 | 88.6 ± 14.1 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 41.5 ± 4.4 | 40.0 ± 4.6 | 48.1 ± 4.8 | 47.4 ± 5.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 113.6 ± 6.8 | 109.7 ± 6.9 | 94.4 ± 6.8 | 101.3 ± 8.6 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 95.5 ± 3.3 | 97.1 ± 4.0 | 95.3 ± 3.3 | 94.7 ± 2.9 |
| Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 12.8 ± 2.0 | 16.6 ± 3.7 | 15.0 ± 3.3 |
| Fasting NEFA (mE/L) | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.35 ± 0.04 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.2 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 13.9 ± 3.3 | 15.1 ± 3.3 | 17.3 ± 3.5 | 16.8 ± 4.1 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.4 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.08 (1.09) | 1.01 (1.14) | 0.91 (1.4) | 0.83 (2.4) |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.2 |
| IL-12 (pg/mL) | 1.24 (3.02) | 1.14 (4.57) | 1.12 (6.35) | 1.04 (11.01) |
| γ-interferon (pg/mL) | 11.1 (19.0) | 14.2 (15.2) | 13.7 (21.4) | 9.9 (19.8) |
| Urinary F2α isoprostanes (ng/mg Cr) | 1.04 ± 0.12 | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
Data are presented as Mean ± SEM or Median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data for all subjects who completed the control and corresponding LFD or HFD. Mean data for the seven subjects who completed both diets are not shown separately.1 p < 0.05 for significant change from respective CONT; 2 p < 0.05 LFD vs. HFD in the subset who completed both interventions (n = 7). Abbreviations: IAF = intra-abdominal fat, SQF = subcutaneous fat, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase, NEFA = non-esterified fatty acids, hsCRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6 = interleukin-6, IL-10 = interleukin-10, IL-12 = interleukin-12.